1 00:01:01,910 --> 00:01:05,000 welcome I'm very pleased to introduce 2 00:01:05,000 --> 00:01:05,010 welcome I'm very pleased to introduce 3 00:01:05,010 --> 00:01:08,870 welcome I'm very pleased to introduce mr. rich Barrett and the fastener design 4 00:01:08,870 --> 00:01:08,880 mr. rich Barrett and the fastener design 5 00:01:08,880 --> 00:01:12,170 mr. rich Barrett and the fastener design course rich as you may well know it's a 6 00:01:12,170 --> 00:01:12,180 course rich as you may well know it's a 7 00:01:12,180 --> 00:01:14,570 course rich as you may well know it's a NASA engineer he has been an engineer 8 00:01:14,570 --> 00:01:14,580 NASA engineer he has been an engineer 9 00:01:14,580 --> 00:01:15,470 NASA engineer he has been an engineer for 40 years 10 00:01:15,470 --> 00:01:15,480 for 40 years 11 00:01:15,480 --> 00:01:18,200 for 40 years and up with the Lewis Research Center 12 00:01:18,200 --> 00:01:18,210 and up with the Lewis Research Center 13 00:01:18,210 --> 00:01:22,880 and up with the Lewis Research Center for 34 of those 40 years he's advised in 14 00:01:22,880 --> 00:01:22,890 for 34 of those 40 years he's advised in 15 00:01:22,890 --> 00:01:25,570 for 34 of those 40 years he's advised in the materials and the materials of 16 00:01:25,570 --> 00:01:25,580 the materials and the materials of 17 00:01:25,580 --> 00:01:30,950 the materials and the materials of fasteners and materials is well sought 18 00:01:30,950 --> 00:01:30,960 fasteners and materials is well sought 19 00:01:30,960 --> 00:01:33,859 fasteners and materials is well sought by industry and by other government 20 00:01:33,859 --> 00:01:33,869 by industry and by other government 21 00:01:33,869 --> 00:01:37,850 by industry and by other government agencies besides NASA he's faster design 22 00:01:37,850 --> 00:01:37,860 agencies besides NASA he's faster design 23 00:01:37,860 --> 00:01:41,050 agencies besides NASA he's faster design Manuel has received widespread acclaim 24 00:01:41,050 --> 00:01:41,060 Manuel has received widespread acclaim 25 00:01:41,060 --> 00:01:46,219 Manuel has received widespread acclaim and distribution and it led to his 26 00:01:46,219 --> 00:01:46,229 and distribution and it led to his 27 00:01:46,229 --> 00:01:48,800 and distribution and it led to his earning of the federal laboratory 28 00:01:48,800 --> 00:01:48,810 earning of the federal laboratory 29 00:01:48,810 --> 00:01:51,190 earning of the federal laboratory consortium award for technology transfer 30 00:01:51,190 --> 00:01:51,200 consortium award for technology transfer 31 00:01:51,200 --> 00:01:53,930 consortium award for technology transfer all the awards that mr. Barrett has 32 00:01:53,930 --> 00:01:53,940 all the awards that mr. Barrett has 33 00:01:53,940 --> 00:01:57,080 all the awards that mr. Barrett has received our de NASA exceptional service 34 00:01:57,080 --> 00:01:57,090 received our de NASA exceptional service 35 00:01:57,090 --> 00:02:00,590 received our de NASA exceptional service medal and the Eldar statement of a VA 36 00:02:00,590 --> 00:02:00,600 medal and the Eldar statement of a VA 37 00:02:00,600 --> 00:02:03,680 medal and the Eldar statement of a VA ssin award with not much more to say 38 00:02:03,680 --> 00:02:03,690 ssin award with not much more to say 39 00:02:03,690 --> 00:02:06,200 ssin award with not much more to say here is mr. rich Barrett thank you very 40 00:02:06,200 --> 00:02:06,210 here is mr. rich Barrett thank you very 41 00:02:06,210 --> 00:02:09,470 here is mr. rich Barrett thank you very much thank you Mario for the nice 42 00:02:09,470 --> 00:02:09,480 much thank you Mario for the nice 43 00:02:09,480 --> 00:02:12,949 much thank you Mario for the nice introduction we will be presenting in 44 00:02:12,949 --> 00:02:12,959 introduction we will be presenting in 45 00:02:12,959 --> 00:02:17,270 introduction we will be presenting in this course one of the it will be the 46 00:02:17,270 --> 00:02:17,280 this course one of the it will be the 47 00:02:17,280 --> 00:02:21,470 this course one of the it will be the most extensive coverage is fastener 48 00:02:21,470 --> 00:02:21,480 most extensive coverage is fastener 49 00:02:21,480 --> 00:02:23,840 most extensive coverage is fastener design that I have done to date because 50 00:02:23,840 --> 00:02:23,850 design that I have done to date because 51 00:02:23,850 --> 00:02:30,440 design that I have done to date because it will be a about 385 pages of 52 00:02:30,440 --> 00:02:30,450 it will be a about 385 pages of 53 00:02:30,450 --> 00:02:35,380 it will be a about 385 pages of presentation so we will move into it and 54 00:02:35,380 --> 00:02:35,390 presentation so we will move into it and 55 00:02:35,390 --> 00:02:37,940 presentation so we will move into it and unless they say in the candy commercial 56 00:02:37,940 --> 00:02:37,950 unless they say in the candy commercial 57 00:02:37,950 --> 00:02:40,430 unless they say in the candy commercial you're not going anywhere for a while so 58 00:02:40,430 --> 00:02:40,440 you're not going anywhere for a while so 59 00:02:40,440 --> 00:02:43,250 you're not going anywhere for a while so relax and we'll cover everything we can 60 00:02:43,250 --> 00:02:43,260 relax and we'll cover everything we can 61 00:02:43,260 --> 00:02:46,509 relax and we'll cover everything we can on fasteners thank you 62 00:02:46,509 --> 00:02:46,519 on fasteners thank you 63 00:02:46,519 --> 00:02:50,840 on fasteners thank you so to start out with I'd like to give 64 00:02:50,840 --> 00:02:50,850 so to start out with I'd like to give 65 00:02:50,850 --> 00:02:52,850 so to start out with I'd like to give you some acknowledgments year of the 66 00:02:52,850 --> 00:02:52,860 you some acknowledgments year of the 67 00:02:52,860 --> 00:02:56,750 you some acknowledgments year of the people that had a hand in this will 68 00:02:56,750 --> 00:02:56,760 people that had a hand in this will 69 00:02:56,760 --> 00:03:00,620 people that had a hand in this will Harkins and Mario Castro Mario is my 70 00:03:00,620 --> 00:03:00,630 Harkins and Mario Castro Mario is my 71 00:03:00,630 --> 00:03:03,350 Harkins and Mario Castro Mario is my boss here at NASA Lewis will Harkins 72 00:03:03,350 --> 00:03:03,360 boss here at NASA Lewis will Harkins 73 00:03:03,360 --> 00:03:07,730 boss here at NASA Lewis will Harkins from NASA headquarters sponsored this 74 00:03:07,730 --> 00:03:07,740 from NASA headquarters sponsored this 75 00:03:07,740 --> 00:03:10,160 from NASA headquarters sponsored this course funded quite a bit of it 76 00:03:10,160 --> 00:03:10,170 course funded quite a bit of it 77 00:03:10,170 --> 00:03:11,940 course funded quite a bit of it so this will 78 00:03:11,940 --> 00:03:11,950 so this will 79 00:03:11,950 --> 00:03:14,699 so this will used by all of the different NASA 80 00:03:14,699 --> 00:03:14,709 used by all of the different NASA 81 00:03:14,709 --> 00:03:18,300 used by all of the different NASA centers Harold Casper from Analects 82 00:03:18,300 --> 00:03:18,310 centers Harold Casper from Analects 83 00:03:18,310 --> 00:03:20,309 centers Harold Casper from Analects corporation he wrote some of the 84 00:03:20,309 --> 00:03:20,319 corporation he wrote some of the 85 00:03:20,319 --> 00:03:22,800 corporation he wrote some of the sections and found some information for 86 00:03:22,800 --> 00:03:22,810 sections and found some information for 87 00:03:22,810 --> 00:03:24,750 sections and found some information for the others as well as editing the entire 88 00:03:24,750 --> 00:03:24,760 the others as well as editing the entire 89 00:03:24,760 --> 00:03:28,260 the others as well as editing the entire course John Bickford who is the leading 90 00:03:28,260 --> 00:03:28,270 course John Bickford who is the leading 91 00:03:28,270 --> 00:03:30,600 course John Bickford who is the leading author actually in the fastener field 92 00:03:30,600 --> 00:03:30,610 author actually in the fastener field 93 00:03:30,610 --> 00:03:33,720 author actually in the fastener field he is the editor-in-chief of a book 94 00:03:33,720 --> 00:03:33,730 he is the editor-in-chief of a book 95 00:03:33,730 --> 00:03:35,670 he is the editor-in-chief of a book which I was contributing author horribly 96 00:03:35,670 --> 00:03:35,680 which I was contributing author horribly 97 00:03:35,680 --> 00:03:38,070 which I was contributing author horribly published the end of the year I used a 98 00:03:38,070 --> 00:03:38,080 published the end of the year I used a 99 00:03:38,080 --> 00:03:40,710 published the end of the year I used a lot of John's stuff from his book on 100 00:03:40,710 --> 00:03:40,720 lot of John's stuff from his book on 101 00:03:40,720 --> 00:03:44,100 lot of John's stuff from his book on fastener design in this course being 102 00:03:44,100 --> 00:03:44,110 fastener design in this course being 103 00:03:44,110 --> 00:03:47,900 fastener design in this course being blend off from Clemson University and 104 00:03:47,900 --> 00:03:47,910 blend off from Clemson University and 105 00:03:47,910 --> 00:03:50,820 blend off from Clemson University and he's actually chairman of the bolting 106 00:03:50,820 --> 00:03:50,830 he's actually chairman of the bolting 107 00:03:50,830 --> 00:03:53,699 he's actually chairman of the bolting technology Council which is a council 108 00:03:53,699 --> 00:03:53,709 technology Council which is a council 109 00:03:53,709 --> 00:03:56,130 technology Council which is a council dedicated to furthering the knowledge on 110 00:03:56,130 --> 00:03:56,140 dedicated to furthering the knowledge on 111 00:03:56,140 --> 00:04:00,180 dedicated to furthering the knowledge on fastener design has contributed some and 112 00:04:00,180 --> 00:04:00,190 fastener design has contributed some and 113 00:04:00,190 --> 00:04:06,090 fastener design has contributed some and Betsy dela Cruz who did all of the 114 00:04:06,090 --> 00:04:06,100 Betsy dela Cruz who did all of the 115 00:04:06,100 --> 00:04:09,210 Betsy dela Cruz who did all of the typing retyping running someone to get 116 00:04:09,210 --> 00:04:09,220 typing retyping running someone to get 117 00:04:09,220 --> 00:04:11,160 typing retyping running someone to get this thing together and we just about 118 00:04:11,160 --> 00:04:11,170 this thing together and we just about 119 00:04:11,170 --> 00:04:13,740 this thing together and we just about ran out of time but that's why we did 120 00:04:13,740 --> 00:04:13,750 ran out of time but that's why we did 121 00:04:13,750 --> 00:04:15,150 ran out of time but that's why we did not give it before and I say it's 122 00:04:15,150 --> 00:04:15,160 not give it before and I say it's 123 00:04:15,160 --> 00:04:17,729 not give it before and I say it's approximately a two-day course then 124 00:04:17,729 --> 00:04:17,739 approximately a two-day course then 125 00:04:17,739 --> 00:04:20,340 approximately a two-day course then rehoming from atf corporation edited the 126 00:04:20,340 --> 00:04:20,350 rehoming from atf corporation edited the 127 00:04:20,350 --> 00:04:22,920 rehoming from atf corporation edited the entire course and had some very helpful 128 00:04:22,920 --> 00:04:22,930 entire course and had some very helpful 129 00:04:22,930 --> 00:04:24,719 entire course and had some very helpful comments so with that in mind we'll 130 00:04:24,719 --> 00:04:24,729 comments so with that in mind we'll 131 00:04:24,729 --> 00:04:26,790 comments so with that in mind we'll proceed with the little introductory 132 00:04:26,790 --> 00:04:26,800 proceed with the little introductory 133 00:04:26,800 --> 00:04:31,110 proceed with the little introductory material now there's a statement 134 00:04:31,110 --> 00:04:31,120 material now there's a statement 135 00:04:31,120 --> 00:04:34,500 material now there's a statement everybody knows about bolts and nuts but 136 00:04:34,500 --> 00:04:34,510 everybody knows about bolts and nuts but 137 00:04:34,510 --> 00:04:37,380 everybody knows about bolts and nuts but do they really know about bolts and nuts 138 00:04:37,380 --> 00:04:37,390 do they really know about bolts and nuts 139 00:04:37,390 --> 00:04:40,529 do they really know about bolts and nuts sometimes we oversimplify things because 140 00:04:40,529 --> 00:04:40,539 sometimes we oversimplify things because 141 00:04:40,539 --> 00:04:41,969 sometimes we oversimplify things because we think because it's something that a 142 00:04:41,969 --> 00:04:41,979 we think because it's something that a 143 00:04:41,979 --> 00:04:44,580 we think because it's something that a kid took off the wagon that it's simple 144 00:04:44,580 --> 00:04:44,590 kid took off the wagon that it's simple 145 00:04:44,590 --> 00:04:50,900 kid took off the wagon that it's simple for everybody 146 00:04:50,900 --> 00:04:50,910 147 00:04:50,910 --> 00:04:54,460 the Joseph Dudley who is a 148 00:04:54,460 --> 00:04:54,470 the Joseph Dudley who is a 149 00:04:54,470 --> 00:04:57,560 the Joseph Dudley who is a vice-president of automotive marketing 150 00:04:57,560 --> 00:04:57,570 vice-president of automotive marketing 151 00:04:57,570 --> 00:05:00,470 vice-president of automotive marketing for nighlok passenger corporation gave 152 00:05:00,470 --> 00:05:00,480 for nighlok passenger corporation gave 153 00:05:00,480 --> 00:05:03,950 for nighlok passenger corporation gave these two quotes 75% of the assembly 154 00:05:03,950 --> 00:05:03,960 these two quotes 75% of the assembly 155 00:05:03,960 --> 00:05:06,350 these two quotes 75% of the assembly labor cost of an automobile is spent on 156 00:05:06,350 --> 00:05:06,360 labor cost of an automobile is spent on 157 00:05:06,360 --> 00:05:10,630 labor cost of an automobile is spent on fasteners and 80 to 85 percent of all 158 00:05:10,630 --> 00:05:10,640 fasteners and 80 to 85 percent of all 159 00:05:10,640 --> 00:05:13,400 fasteners and 80 to 85 percent of all automobile recalls or fastener related 160 00:05:13,400 --> 00:05:13,410 automobile recalls or fastener related 161 00:05:13,410 --> 00:05:15,200 automobile recalls or fastener related now that gives you an idea about the 162 00:05:15,200 --> 00:05:15,210 now that gives you an idea about the 163 00:05:15,210 --> 00:05:16,760 now that gives you an idea about the importance of fasteners and putting 164 00:05:16,760 --> 00:05:16,770 importance of fasteners and putting 165 00:05:16,770 --> 00:05:18,800 importance of fasteners and putting things together and of course some of 166 00:05:18,800 --> 00:05:18,810 things together and of course some of 167 00:05:18,810 --> 00:05:20,840 things together and of course some of you remember on the shuttle recently 168 00:05:20,840 --> 00:05:20,850 you remember on the shuttle recently 169 00:05:20,850 --> 00:05:22,730 you remember on the shuttle recently when they had to cancel a spacewalk 170 00:05:22,730 --> 00:05:22,740 when they had to cancel a spacewalk 171 00:05:22,740 --> 00:05:24,620 when they had to cancel a spacewalk because a couple screws came loose and 172 00:05:24,620 --> 00:05:24,630 because a couple screws came loose and 173 00:05:24,630 --> 00:05:26,810 because a couple screws came loose and fell out in the gears they couldn't get 174 00:05:26,810 --> 00:05:26,820 fell out in the gears they couldn't get 175 00:05:26,820 --> 00:05:27,470 fell out in the gears they couldn't get the door open 176 00:05:27,470 --> 00:05:27,480 the door open 177 00:05:27,480 --> 00:05:31,370 the door open so things do go wrong like that here is 178 00:05:31,370 --> 00:05:31,380 so things do go wrong like that here is 179 00:05:31,380 --> 00:05:34,610 so things do go wrong like that here is a summary of the causes for joint 180 00:05:34,610 --> 00:05:34,620 a summary of the causes for joint 181 00:05:34,620 --> 00:05:37,370 a summary of the causes for joint failures and NASA's Skylab program some 182 00:05:37,370 --> 00:05:37,380 failures and NASA's Skylab program some 183 00:05:37,380 --> 00:05:39,170 failures and NASA's Skylab program some of you say Ron Roman Chuck would 184 00:05:39,170 --> 00:05:39,180 of you say Ron Roman Chuck would 185 00:05:39,180 --> 00:05:42,250 of you say Ron Roman Chuck would remember that he was here that that poem 186 00:05:42,250 --> 00:05:42,260 remember that he was here that that poem 187 00:05:42,260 --> 00:05:46,790 remember that he was here that that poem back when that happened and the thing 188 00:05:46,790 --> 00:05:46,800 back when that happened and the thing 189 00:05:46,800 --> 00:05:50,120 back when that happened and the thing that surprised me in this is the poor 190 00:05:50,120 --> 00:05:50,130 that surprised me in this is the poor 191 00:05:50,130 --> 00:05:55,060 that surprised me in this is the poor design improper assembly here 192 00:05:55,060 --> 00:05:55,070 design improper assembly here 193 00:05:55,070 --> 00:05:59,000 design improper assembly here 24% poor design 28% for improper 194 00:05:59,000 --> 00:05:59,010 24% poor design 28% for improper 195 00:05:59,010 --> 00:06:02,030 24% poor design 28% for improper assembly and yet only 10% for bad parts 196 00:06:02,030 --> 00:06:02,040 assembly and yet only 10% for bad parts 197 00:06:02,040 --> 00:06:05,330 assembly and yet only 10% for bad parts and the 24% for parts damaged in 198 00:06:05,330 --> 00:06:05,340 and the 24% for parts damaged in 199 00:06:05,340 --> 00:06:08,360 and the 24% for parts damaged in handling and the wrong preload 14% now 200 00:06:08,360 --> 00:06:08,370 handling and the wrong preload 14% now 201 00:06:08,370 --> 00:06:12,020 handling and the wrong preload 14% now we have been hearing in the news for the 202 00:06:12,020 --> 00:06:12,030 we have been hearing in the news for the 203 00:06:12,030 --> 00:06:16,460 we have been hearing in the news for the past several years about the counterfeit 204 00:06:16,460 --> 00:06:16,470 past several years about the counterfeit 205 00:06:16,470 --> 00:06:19,700 past several years about the counterfeit fasteners and all of that and so it's 206 00:06:19,700 --> 00:06:19,710 fasteners and all of that and so it's 207 00:06:19,710 --> 00:06:21,440 fasteners and all of that and so it's gotten quite a bit of publicity and it 208 00:06:21,440 --> 00:06:21,450 gotten quite a bit of publicity and it 209 00:06:21,450 --> 00:06:25,100 gotten quite a bit of publicity and it should but it still boils down to the 210 00:06:25,100 --> 00:06:25,110 should but it still boils down to the 211 00:06:25,110 --> 00:06:28,520 should but it still boils down to the fact that the designer has more to do 212 00:06:28,520 --> 00:06:28,530 fact that the designer has more to do 213 00:06:28,530 --> 00:06:29,380 fact that the designer has more to do with it 214 00:06:29,380 --> 00:06:29,390 with it 215 00:06:29,390 --> 00:06:32,660 with it then the manufacture of the fasteners 216 00:06:32,660 --> 00:06:32,670 then the manufacture of the fasteners 217 00:06:32,670 --> 00:06:35,750 then the manufacture of the fasteners now here is a something from John 218 00:06:35,750 --> 00:06:35,760 now here is a something from John 219 00:06:35,760 --> 00:06:39,800 now here is a something from John Bickford book on a bolted joint just a 220 00:06:39,800 --> 00:06:39,810 Bickford book on a bolted joint just a 221 00:06:39,810 --> 00:06:42,200 Bickford book on a bolted joint just a spring concept because actually you 222 00:06:42,200 --> 00:06:42,210 spring concept because actually you 223 00:06:42,210 --> 00:06:44,780 spring concept because actually you don't think of it this way but a the 224 00:06:44,780 --> 00:06:44,790 don't think of it this way but a the 225 00:06:44,790 --> 00:06:47,120 don't think of it this way but a the joint material itself is a big heavy 226 00:06:47,120 --> 00:06:47,130 joint material itself is a big heavy 227 00:06:47,130 --> 00:06:49,580 joint material itself is a big heavy spring and you're compressing it with 228 00:06:49,580 --> 00:06:49,590 spring and you're compressing it with 229 00:06:49,590 --> 00:06:51,680 spring and you're compressing it with small Springs which are fasteners and we 230 00:06:51,680 --> 00:06:51,690 small Springs which are fasteners and we 231 00:06:51,690 --> 00:06:54,700 small Springs which are fasteners and we even get into joint stiffness and 232 00:06:54,700 --> 00:06:54,710 even get into joint stiffness and 233 00:06:54,710 --> 00:06:57,710 even get into joint stiffness and stiffness ratios and so on now here is a 234 00:06:57,710 --> 00:06:57,720 stiffness ratios and so on now here is a 235 00:06:57,720 --> 00:07:00,530 stiffness ratios and so on now here is a summary of the different types of heads 236 00:07:00,530 --> 00:07:00,540 summary of the different types of heads 237 00:07:00,540 --> 00:07:03,160 summary of the different types of heads on fasteners just to 238 00:07:03,160 --> 00:07:03,170 on fasteners just to 239 00:07:03,170 --> 00:07:09,820 on fasteners just to for your reference and these this is use 240 00:07:09,820 --> 00:07:09,830 for your reference and these this is use 241 00:07:09,830 --> 00:07:11,710 for your reference and these this is use some in the aerospace field although 242 00:07:11,710 --> 00:07:11,720 some in the aerospace field although 243 00:07:11,720 --> 00:07:13,390 some in the aerospace field although it's not that common but of course the 244 00:07:13,390 --> 00:07:13,400 it's not that common but of course the 245 00:07:13,400 --> 00:07:16,960 it's not that common but of course the flat the socket head over here and the 246 00:07:16,960 --> 00:07:16,970 flat the socket head over here and the 247 00:07:16,970 --> 00:07:21,820 flat the socket head over here and the hex all of these are very common the 248 00:07:21,820 --> 00:07:21,830 hex all of these are very common the 249 00:07:21,830 --> 00:07:24,490 hex all of these are very common the carriage bolt of course that one is I 250 00:07:24,490 --> 00:07:24,500 carriage bolt of course that one is I 251 00:07:24,500 --> 00:07:28,150 carriage bolt of course that one is I guess dates back to the building wagons 252 00:07:28,150 --> 00:07:28,160 guess dates back to the building wagons 253 00:07:28,160 --> 00:07:29,980 guess dates back to the building wagons when you drilled a hole and you pounded 254 00:07:29,980 --> 00:07:29,990 when you drilled a hole and you pounded 255 00:07:29,990 --> 00:07:31,840 when you drilled a hole and you pounded that one in and the square part under 256 00:07:31,840 --> 00:07:31,850 that one in and the square part under 257 00:07:31,850 --> 00:07:34,270 that one in and the square part under the head there locked it in place where 258 00:07:34,270 --> 00:07:34,280 the head there locked it in place where 259 00:07:34,280 --> 00:07:36,640 the head there locked it in place where you put the nut on so Betsy that's how 260 00:07:36,640 --> 00:07:36,650 you put the nut on so Betsy that's how 261 00:07:36,650 --> 00:07:38,260 you put the nut on so Betsy that's how you build wagons in case you ever go 262 00:07:38,260 --> 00:07:38,270 you build wagons in case you ever go 263 00:07:38,270 --> 00:07:40,620 you build wagons in case you ever go into it 264 00:07:40,620 --> 00:07:40,630 into it 265 00:07:40,630 --> 00:07:45,280 into it here's one on the internal drive systems 266 00:07:45,280 --> 00:07:45,290 here's one on the internal drive systems 267 00:07:45,290 --> 00:07:49,750 here's one on the internal drive systems and you can't read it too well on on 268 00:07:49,750 --> 00:07:49,760 and you can't read it too well on on 269 00:07:49,760 --> 00:07:52,060 and you can't read it too well on on this one but over on the view graphs I 270 00:07:52,060 --> 00:07:52,070 this one but over on the view graphs I 271 00:07:52,070 --> 00:07:54,100 this one but over on the view graphs I think you can read them and a lot of 272 00:07:54,100 --> 00:07:54,110 think you can read them and a lot of 273 00:07:54,110 --> 00:07:57,730 think you can read them and a lot of these are common only to the aerospace 274 00:07:57,730 --> 00:07:57,740 these are common only to the aerospace 275 00:07:57,740 --> 00:08:01,120 these are common only to the aerospace world like for instance something like 276 00:08:01,120 --> 00:08:01,130 world like for instance something like 277 00:08:01,130 --> 00:08:05,740 world like for instance something like this or something like the Tri wing type 278 00:08:05,740 --> 00:08:05,750 this or something like the Tri wing type 279 00:08:05,750 --> 00:08:12,040 this or something like the Tri wing type here these are used only by certain 280 00:08:12,040 --> 00:08:12,050 here these are used only by certain 281 00:08:12,050 --> 00:08:15,520 here these are used only by certain manufacturers the torques down here is 282 00:08:15,520 --> 00:08:15,530 manufacturers the torques down here is 283 00:08:15,530 --> 00:08:19,180 manufacturers the torques down here is very common in the automotive field that 284 00:08:19,180 --> 00:08:19,190 very common in the automotive field that 285 00:08:19,190 --> 00:08:22,720 very common in the automotive field that one I thought that I'm always looking at 286 00:08:22,720 --> 00:08:22,730 one I thought that I'm always looking at 287 00:08:22,730 --> 00:08:26,590 one I thought that I'm always looking at conspiracy theories of designers and I 288 00:08:26,590 --> 00:08:26,600 conspiracy theories of designers and I 289 00:08:26,600 --> 00:08:29,920 conspiracy theories of designers and I thought the torques was developed by the 290 00:08:29,920 --> 00:08:29,930 thought the torques was developed by the 291 00:08:29,930 --> 00:08:32,890 thought the torques was developed by the automotive people just to make things 292 00:08:32,890 --> 00:08:32,900 automotive people just to make things 293 00:08:32,900 --> 00:08:34,900 automotive people just to make things more difficult on working on your car 294 00:08:34,900 --> 00:08:34,910 more difficult on working on your car 295 00:08:34,910 --> 00:08:37,450 more difficult on working on your car but I found out that the reason they use 296 00:08:37,450 --> 00:08:37,460 but I found out that the reason they use 297 00:08:37,460 --> 00:08:40,420 but I found out that the reason they use it was that it centers better than the 298 00:08:40,420 --> 00:08:40,430 it was that it centers better than the 299 00:08:40,430 --> 00:08:44,290 it was that it centers better than the Philips which various types of Philips 300 00:08:44,290 --> 00:08:44,300 Philips which various types of Philips 301 00:08:44,300 --> 00:08:48,190 Philips which various types of Philips there and will not came out as much so 302 00:08:48,190 --> 00:08:48,200 there and will not came out as much so 303 00:08:48,200 --> 00:08:51,060 there and will not came out as much so therefore it will work better in 304 00:08:51,060 --> 00:08:51,070 therefore it will work better in 305 00:08:51,070 --> 00:08:55,420 therefore it will work better in automated assembly now getting into the 306 00:08:55,420 --> 00:08:55,430 automated assembly now getting into the 307 00:08:55,430 --> 00:08:59,890 automated assembly now getting into the agenda for this program see we have a 308 00:08:59,890 --> 00:08:59,900 agenda for this program see we have a 309 00:08:59,900 --> 00:09:02,140 agenda for this program see we have a lot of stuff and each one of these is a 310 00:09:02,140 --> 00:09:02,150 lot of stuff and each one of these is a 311 00:09:02,150 --> 00:09:06,490 lot of stuff and each one of these is a section number in your handout so we 312 00:09:06,490 --> 00:09:06,500 section number in your handout so we 313 00:09:06,500 --> 00:09:08,710 section number in your handout so we have a lot of stuff here to cover I 314 00:09:08,710 --> 00:09:08,720 have a lot of stuff here to cover I 315 00:09:08,720 --> 00:09:13,150 have a lot of stuff here to cover I won't go over all of these but I'll 316 00:09:13,150 --> 00:09:13,160 won't go over all of these but I'll 317 00:09:13,160 --> 00:09:16,250 won't go over all of these but I'll point out that at the end we have a do 318 00:09:16,250 --> 00:09:16,260 point out that at the end we have a do 319 00:09:16,260 --> 00:09:17,900 point out that at the end we have a do and don'ts and frequently asked 320 00:09:17,900 --> 00:09:17,910 and don'ts and frequently asked 321 00:09:17,910 --> 00:09:20,960 and don'ts and frequently asked questions sections that that will answer 322 00:09:20,960 --> 00:09:20,970 questions sections that that will answer 323 00:09:20,970 --> 00:09:23,210 questions sections that that will answer some of the various questions that I 324 00:09:23,210 --> 00:09:23,220 some of the various questions that I 325 00:09:23,220 --> 00:09:25,310 some of the various questions that I have been asked from time to time by 326 00:09:25,310 --> 00:09:25,320 have been asked from time to time by 327 00:09:25,320 --> 00:09:30,850 have been asked from time to time by people so we'll move on into materials 328 00:09:30,850 --> 00:09:30,860 people so we'll move on into materials 329 00:09:30,860 --> 00:09:34,520 people so we'll move on into materials and this this I feel is a very important 330 00:09:34,520 --> 00:09:34,530 and this this I feel is a very important 331 00:09:34,530 --> 00:09:40,070 and this this I feel is a very important section because you need to choose the 332 00:09:40,070 --> 00:09:40,080 section because you need to choose the 333 00:09:40,080 --> 00:09:42,410 section because you need to choose the right material to begin with or you're 334 00:09:42,410 --> 00:09:42,420 right material to begin with or you're 335 00:09:42,420 --> 00:09:45,080 right material to begin with or you're dead in the water on a design now 336 00:09:45,080 --> 00:09:45,090 dead in the water on a design now 337 00:09:45,090 --> 00:09:47,330 dead in the water on a design now fasteners can be made for many materials 338 00:09:47,330 --> 00:09:47,340 fasteners can be made for many materials 339 00:09:47,340 --> 00:09:48,590 fasteners can be made for many materials but most of them that we're familiar 340 00:09:48,590 --> 00:09:48,600 but most of them that we're familiar 341 00:09:48,600 --> 00:09:51,110 but most of them that we're familiar with are made out of steel the the 342 00:09:51,110 --> 00:09:51,120 with are made out of steel the the 343 00:09:51,120 --> 00:09:54,860 with are made out of steel the the hardware store tape that are made out of 344 00:09:54,860 --> 00:09:54,870 hardware store tape that are made out of 345 00:09:54,870 --> 00:09:58,040 hardware store tape that are made out of what's called low carbon steel then the 346 00:09:58,040 --> 00:09:58,050 what's called low carbon steel then the 347 00:09:58,050 --> 00:10:01,400 what's called low carbon steel then the alloy steel for the greatest fives and 348 00:10:01,400 --> 00:10:01,410 alloy steel for the greatest fives and 349 00:10:01,410 --> 00:10:02,750 alloy steel for the greatest fives and eights that we use around here in a 350 00:10:02,750 --> 00:10:02,760 eights that we use around here in a 351 00:10:02,760 --> 00:10:05,180 eights that we use around here in a socket head cap screw titanium and 352 00:10:05,180 --> 00:10:05,190 socket head cap screw titanium and 353 00:10:05,190 --> 00:10:07,790 socket head cap screw titanium and aluminum bolts have limited usage in the 354 00:10:07,790 --> 00:10:07,800 aluminum bolts have limited usage in the 355 00:10:07,800 --> 00:10:09,860 aluminum bolts have limited usage in the aerospace industry but on the other hand 356 00:10:09,860 --> 00:10:09,870 aerospace industry but on the other hand 357 00:10:09,870 --> 00:10:14,840 aerospace industry but on the other hand aluminum and titanium are used a lot on 358 00:10:14,840 --> 00:10:14,850 aluminum and titanium are used a lot on 359 00:10:14,850 --> 00:10:18,770 aluminum and titanium are used a lot on the aircraft design particularly since 360 00:10:18,770 --> 00:10:18,780 the aircraft design particularly since 361 00:10:18,780 --> 00:10:20,600 the aircraft design particularly since you have aluminum skins on most 362 00:10:20,600 --> 00:10:20,610 you have aluminum skins on most 363 00:10:20,610 --> 00:10:25,880 you have aluminum skins on most airplanes and you want the rivets to be 364 00:10:25,880 --> 00:10:25,890 airplanes and you want the rivets to be 365 00:10:25,890 --> 00:10:29,260 airplanes and you want the rivets to be of the same material because of the 366 00:10:29,260 --> 00:10:29,270 of the same material because of the 367 00:10:29,270 --> 00:10:31,910 of the same material because of the differential temperature giving you 368 00:10:31,910 --> 00:10:31,920 differential temperature giving you 369 00:10:31,920 --> 00:10:35,680 differential temperature giving you problems on expansion and contraction so 370 00:10:35,680 --> 00:10:35,690 problems on expansion and contraction so 371 00:10:35,690 --> 00:10:39,740 problems on expansion and contraction so now the alloy steel fasteners you can 372 00:10:39,740 --> 00:10:39,750 now the alloy steel fasteners you can 373 00:10:39,750 --> 00:10:46,400 now the alloy steel fasteners you can get them up to 300 ksi ksi being a 374 00:10:46,400 --> 00:10:46,410 get them up to 300 ksi ksi being a 375 00:10:46,410 --> 00:10:48,230 get them up to 300 ksi ksi being a thousand psi so it's three hundred 376 00:10:48,230 --> 00:10:48,240 thousand psi so it's three hundred 377 00:10:48,240 --> 00:10:51,890 thousand psi so it's three hundred thousand psi strength levels but I'll 378 00:10:51,890 --> 00:10:51,900 thousand psi strength levels but I'll 379 00:10:51,900 --> 00:10:54,530 thousand psi strength levels but I'll try to point out to you here that in 380 00:10:54,530 --> 00:10:54,540 try to point out to you here that in 381 00:10:54,540 --> 00:10:56,630 try to point out to you here that in most cases you really don't want to do 382 00:10:56,630 --> 00:10:56,640 most cases you really don't want to do 383 00:10:56,640 --> 00:11:00,560 most cases you really don't want to do that okay now carbon Steel's 384 00:11:00,560 --> 00:11:00,570 that okay now carbon Steel's 385 00:11:00,570 --> 00:11:03,020 that okay now carbon Steel's are not corrosion resistant so they 386 00:11:03,020 --> 00:11:03,030 are not corrosion resistant so they 387 00:11:03,030 --> 00:11:04,880 are not corrosion resistant so they usually have to have some kind of a 388 00:11:04,880 --> 00:11:04,890 usually have to have some kind of a 389 00:11:04,890 --> 00:11:07,540 usually have to have some kind of a coating to protect them from rusting and 390 00:11:07,540 --> 00:11:07,550 coating to protect them from rusting and 391 00:11:07,550 --> 00:11:11,150 coating to protect them from rusting and the stainless steels you can get in all 392 00:11:11,150 --> 00:11:11,160 the stainless steels you can get in all 393 00:11:11,160 --> 00:11:14,750 the stainless steels you can get in all all varieties of both heat treatable and 394 00:11:14,750 --> 00:11:14,760 all varieties of both heat treatable and 395 00:11:14,760 --> 00:11:17,810 all varieties of both heat treatable and non heat treatable alloys with the 396 00:11:17,810 --> 00:11:17,820 non heat treatable alloys with the 397 00:11:17,820 --> 00:11:21,320 non heat treatable alloys with the tensile strengths of 70 ksi to 260 the 398 00:11:21,320 --> 00:11:21,330 tensile strengths of 70 ksi to 260 the 399 00:11:21,330 --> 00:11:23,600 tensile strengths of 70 ksi to 260 the seventy being the ordinary 300 series 400 00:11:23,600 --> 00:11:23,610 seventy being the ordinary 300 series 401 00:11:23,610 --> 00:11:25,660 seventy being the ordinary 300 series stainless that we use here all the time 402 00:11:25,660 --> 00:11:25,670 stainless that we use here all the time 403 00:11:25,670 --> 00:11:29,079 stainless that we use here all the time and the 260 or 404 00:11:29,079 --> 00:11:29,089 and the 260 or 405 00:11:29,089 --> 00:11:33,790 and the 260 or talking work-hardened inconel 718 or 406 00:11:33,790 --> 00:11:33,800 talking work-hardened inconel 718 or 407 00:11:33,800 --> 00:11:37,449 talking work-hardened inconel 718 or eight to eighty six and note that the 408 00:11:37,449 --> 00:11:37,459 eight to eighty six and note that the 409 00:11:37,459 --> 00:11:42,280 eight to eighty six and note that the 400 series materials contain only 12% 410 00:11:42,280 --> 00:11:42,290 400 series materials contain only 12% 411 00:11:42,290 --> 00:11:45,400 400 series materials contain only 12% chromium which will allow them to rust 412 00:11:45,400 --> 00:11:45,410 chromium which will allow them to rust 413 00:11:45,410 --> 00:11:48,280 chromium which will allow them to rust so if you're building something that you 414 00:11:48,280 --> 00:11:48,290 so if you're building something that you 415 00:11:48,290 --> 00:11:51,009 so if you're building something that you want it to look pretty the 400 series 416 00:11:51,009 --> 00:11:51,019 want it to look pretty the 400 series 417 00:11:51,019 --> 00:11:54,670 want it to look pretty the 400 series stainless would not be advisable and on 418 00:11:54,670 --> 00:11:54,680 stainless would not be advisable and on 419 00:11:54,680 --> 00:11:56,920 stainless would not be advisable and on some of these subsequent tables we will 420 00:11:56,920 --> 00:11:56,930 some of these subsequent tables we will 421 00:11:56,930 --> 00:12:00,910 some of these subsequent tables we will show various materials but just go on to 422 00:12:00,910 --> 00:12:00,920 show various materials but just go on to 423 00:12:00,920 --> 00:12:04,059 show various materials but just go on to the in order here on the selection and 424 00:12:04,059 --> 00:12:04,069 the in order here on the selection and 425 00:12:04,069 --> 00:12:09,460 the in order here on the selection and materials you should use common fastener 426 00:12:09,460 --> 00:12:09,470 materials you should use common fastener 427 00:12:09,470 --> 00:12:11,319 materials you should use common fastener materials strength levels and coatings 428 00:12:11,319 --> 00:12:11,329 materials strength levels and coatings 429 00:12:11,329 --> 00:12:14,379 materials strength levels and coatings if you can there's no sense in over 430 00:12:14,379 --> 00:12:14,389 if you can there's no sense in over 431 00:12:14,389 --> 00:12:17,619 if you can there's no sense in over killing on any design because it can 432 00:12:17,619 --> 00:12:17,629 killing on any design because it can 433 00:12:17,629 --> 00:12:19,720 killing on any design because it can just cost you money and time usually 434 00:12:19,720 --> 00:12:19,730 just cost you money and time usually 435 00:12:19,730 --> 00:12:22,840 just cost you money and time usually weight savings versus cost must also be 436 00:12:22,840 --> 00:12:22,850 weight savings versus cost must also be 437 00:12:22,850 --> 00:12:24,939 weight savings versus cost must also be evaluated for flight articles and there 438 00:12:24,939 --> 00:12:24,949 evaluated for flight articles and there 439 00:12:24,949 --> 00:12:26,499 evaluated for flight articles and there you do spend a lot of money to save a 440 00:12:26,499 --> 00:12:26,509 you do spend a lot of money to save a 441 00:12:26,509 --> 00:12:30,160 you do spend a lot of money to save a little bit of weight galvanic and stress 442 00:12:30,160 --> 00:12:30,170 little bit of weight galvanic and stress 443 00:12:30,170 --> 00:12:32,590 little bit of weight galvanic and stress corrosion tolerance levels have to be 444 00:12:32,590 --> 00:12:32,600 corrosion tolerance levels have to be 445 00:12:32,600 --> 00:12:35,559 corrosion tolerance levels have to be established and checked out and of 446 00:12:35,559 --> 00:12:35,569 established and checked out and of 447 00:12:35,569 --> 00:12:38,530 established and checked out and of course the operating temperatures has to 448 00:12:38,530 --> 00:12:38,540 course the operating temperatures has to 449 00:12:38,540 --> 00:12:40,329 course the operating temperatures has to have to be determined before the 450 00:12:40,329 --> 00:12:40,339 have to be determined before the 451 00:12:40,339 --> 00:12:44,829 have to be determined before the material is chosen both the high and the 452 00:12:44,829 --> 00:12:44,839 material is chosen both the high and the 453 00:12:44,839 --> 00:12:47,919 material is chosen both the high and the low to make sure that the materials are 454 00:12:47,919 --> 00:12:47,929 low to make sure that the materials are 455 00:12:47,929 --> 00:12:50,290 low to make sure that the materials are compatible in the entire range and then 456 00:12:50,290 --> 00:12:50,300 compatible in the entire range and then 457 00:12:50,300 --> 00:12:52,809 compatible in the entire range and then the type of loading static or fatigue 458 00:12:52,809 --> 00:12:52,819 the type of loading static or fatigue 459 00:12:52,819 --> 00:12:54,910 the type of loading static or fatigue loading is also a factor in the material 460 00:12:54,910 --> 00:12:54,920 loading is also a factor in the material 461 00:12:54,920 --> 00:13:01,509 loading is also a factor in the material selection now as far as availability and 462 00:13:01,509 --> 00:13:01,519 selection now as far as availability and 463 00:13:01,519 --> 00:13:05,739 selection now as far as availability and materials the carbon steel fastener 464 00:13:05,739 --> 00:13:05,749 materials the carbon steel fastener 465 00:13:05,749 --> 00:13:07,509 materials the carbon steel fastener materials of course everybody's familiar 466 00:13:07,509 --> 00:13:07,519 materials of course everybody's familiar 467 00:13:07,519 --> 00:13:11,230 materials of course everybody's familiar with the 10 10 10 20 that we use around 468 00:13:11,230 --> 00:13:11,240 with the 10 10 10 20 that we use around 469 00:13:11,240 --> 00:13:15,939 with the 10 10 10 20 that we use around here and that is just a iron with carbon 470 00:13:15,939 --> 00:13:15,949 here and that is just a iron with carbon 471 00:13:15,949 --> 00:13:18,449 here and that is just a iron with carbon in it a few impurities and it's up to 472 00:13:18,449 --> 00:13:18,459 in it a few impurities and it's up to 473 00:13:18,459 --> 00:13:24,129 in it a few impurities and it's up to 0.28 carbon now that's I'll explain this 474 00:13:24,129 --> 00:13:24,139 0.28 carbon now that's I'll explain this 475 00:13:24,139 --> 00:13:27,220 0.28 carbon now that's I'll explain this further in another chart but the carbon 476 00:13:27,220 --> 00:13:27,230 further in another chart but the carbon 477 00:13:27,230 --> 00:13:30,369 further in another chart but the carbon content is usually called out in points 478 00:13:30,369 --> 00:13:30,379 content is usually called out in points 479 00:13:30,379 --> 00:13:33,059 content is usually called out in points and it's actually hundreds of a percent 480 00:13:33,059 --> 00:13:33,069 and it's actually hundreds of a percent 481 00:13:33,069 --> 00:13:37,030 and it's actually hundreds of a percent so so this is 0.28 here it's hundreds of 482 00:13:37,030 --> 00:13:37,040 so so this is 0.28 here it's hundreds of 483 00:13:37,040 --> 00:13:40,780 so so this is 0.28 here it's hundreds of the percent of carbon and you need for 484 00:13:40,780 --> 00:13:40,790 the percent of carbon and you need for 485 00:13:40,790 --> 00:13:43,490 the percent of carbon and you need for heat treating unless you add 486 00:13:43,490 --> 00:13:43,500 heat treating unless you add 487 00:13:43,500 --> 00:13:45,440 heat treating unless you add something like boron to the material you 488 00:13:45,440 --> 00:13:45,450 something like boron to the material you 489 00:13:45,450 --> 00:13:50,810 something like boron to the material you need about 25 points of carbon really to 490 00:13:50,810 --> 00:13:50,820 need about 25 points of carbon really to 491 00:13:50,820 --> 00:13:52,580 need about 25 points of carbon really to get it the heat treat properly if you're 492 00:13:52,580 --> 00:13:52,590 get it the heat treat properly if you're 493 00:13:52,590 --> 00:13:54,380 get it the heat treat properly if you're going to heat treat a fastener now the 494 00:13:54,380 --> 00:13:54,390 going to heat treat a fastener now the 495 00:13:54,390 --> 00:13:56,810 going to heat treat a fastener now the the great files and great eights are in 496 00:13:56,810 --> 00:13:56,820 the great files and great eights are in 497 00:13:56,820 --> 00:13:59,840 the great files and great eights are in the 28 to 55 point 498 00:13:59,840 --> 00:13:59,850 the 28 to 55 point 499 00:13:59,850 --> 00:14:01,430 the 28 to 55 point carbon range so that their heat 500 00:14:01,430 --> 00:14:01,440 carbon range so that their heat 501 00:14:01,440 --> 00:14:04,820 carbon range so that their heat treatable and the the eights of course 502 00:14:04,820 --> 00:14:04,830 treatable and the the eights of course 503 00:14:04,830 --> 00:14:07,670 treatable and the the eights of course have other alloying elements in them in 504 00:14:07,670 --> 00:14:07,680 have other alloying elements in them in 505 00:14:07,680 --> 00:14:09,430 have other alloying elements in them in order that you can bring them up to the 506 00:14:09,430 --> 00:14:09,440 order that you can bring them up to the 507 00:14:09,440 --> 00:14:13,010 order that you can bring them up to the strengths that you want and 4037 is one 508 00:14:13,010 --> 00:14:13,020 strengths that you want and 4037 is one 509 00:14:13,020 --> 00:14:16,580 strengths that you want and 4037 is one of the common materials for grade 8 now 510 00:14:16,580 --> 00:14:16,590 of the common materials for grade 8 now 511 00:14:16,590 --> 00:14:17,900 of the common materials for grade 8 now here's something I just wanted to point 512 00:14:17,900 --> 00:14:17,910 here's something I just wanted to point 513 00:14:17,910 --> 00:14:20,900 here's something I just wanted to point out to you that the Charlie Wilson from 514 00:14:20,900 --> 00:14:20,910 out to you that the Charlie Wilson from 515 00:14:20,910 --> 00:14:22,580 out to you that the Charlie Wilson from the industrial fasteners Institute's 516 00:14:22,580 --> 00:14:22,590 the industrial fasteners Institute's 517 00:14:22,590 --> 00:14:24,440 the industrial fasteners Institute's been trying to get this change for years 518 00:14:24,440 --> 00:14:24,450 been trying to get this change for years 519 00:14:24,450 --> 00:14:27,710 been trying to get this change for years but it's still in there in jave SAE J 520 00:14:27,710 --> 00:14:27,720 but it's still in there in jave SAE J 521 00:14:27,720 --> 00:14:32,530 but it's still in there in jave SAE J 429 spec which is for grade 8 fasteners 522 00:14:32,530 --> 00:14:32,540 429 spec which is for grade 8 fasteners 523 00:14:32,540 --> 00:14:38,290 429 spec which is for grade 8 fasteners there's a footnote there that allows the 524 00:14:38,290 --> 00:14:38,300 525 00:14:38,300 --> 00:14:41,480 manufacturer to furnish these and 1045 526 00:14:41,480 --> 00:14:41,490 manufacturer to furnish these and 1045 527 00:14:41,490 --> 00:14:43,010 manufacturer to furnish these and 1045 plain carbon steel 528 00:14:43,010 --> 00:14:43,020 plain carbon steel 529 00:14:43,020 --> 00:14:46,910 plain carbon steel if the buyer agrees to it well the only 530 00:14:46,910 --> 00:14:46,920 if the buyer agrees to it well the only 531 00:14:46,920 --> 00:14:48,590 if the buyer agrees to it well the only thing is if the buyer doesn't know he's 532 00:14:48,590 --> 00:14:48,600 thing is if the buyer doesn't know he's 533 00:14:48,600 --> 00:14:51,170 thing is if the buyer doesn't know he's agreeing to it he can get one that will 534 00:14:51,170 --> 00:14:51,180 agreeing to it he can get one that will 535 00:14:51,180 --> 00:14:53,900 agreeing to it he can get one that will not have very good impact resistance and 536 00:14:53,900 --> 00:14:53,910 not have very good impact resistance and 537 00:14:53,910 --> 00:14:55,790 not have very good impact resistance and we had a problem that we were in on one 538 00:14:55,790 --> 00:14:55,800 we had a problem that we were in on one 539 00:14:55,800 --> 00:14:58,490 we had a problem that we were in on one time with the Army on some Abrams tanks 540 00:14:58,490 --> 00:14:58,500 time with the Army on some Abrams tanks 541 00:14:58,500 --> 00:15:01,579 time with the Army on some Abrams tanks that when they fired the cannon on him 542 00:15:01,579 --> 00:15:01,589 that when they fired the cannon on him 543 00:15:01,589 --> 00:15:03,470 that when they fired the cannon on him it broke the bolts on the turret because 544 00:15:03,470 --> 00:15:03,480 it broke the bolts on the turret because 545 00:15:03,480 --> 00:15:09,440 it broke the bolts on the turret because it remained out 1045 steel okay moving 546 00:15:09,440 --> 00:15:09,450 it remained out 1045 steel okay moving 547 00:15:09,450 --> 00:15:16,329 it remained out 1045 steel okay moving on not the ASTM fasteners are used 548 00:15:16,329 --> 00:15:16,339 on not the ASTM fasteners are used 549 00:15:16,339 --> 00:15:19,300 on not the ASTM fasteners are used primarily in the construction industry 550 00:15:19,300 --> 00:15:19,310 primarily in the construction industry 551 00:15:19,310 --> 00:15:23,060 primarily in the construction industry so since a lot of you are not familiar 552 00:15:23,060 --> 00:15:23,070 so since a lot of you are not familiar 553 00:15:23,070 --> 00:15:27,320 so since a lot of you are not familiar with them and I'm not that familiar with 554 00:15:27,320 --> 00:15:27,330 with them and I'm not that familiar with 555 00:15:27,330 --> 00:15:30,140 with them and I'm not that familiar with them either I put in some equivalency 556 00:15:30,140 --> 00:15:30,150 them either I put in some equivalency 557 00:15:30,150 --> 00:15:33,020 them either I put in some equivalency here like the a 307 is a great one in 558 00:15:33,020 --> 00:15:33,030 here like the a 307 is a great one in 559 00:15:33,030 --> 00:15:36,670 here like the a 307 is a great one in the sae that we're familiar with and 449 560 00:15:36,670 --> 00:15:36,680 the sae that we're familiar with and 449 561 00:15:36,680 --> 00:15:41,840 the sae that we're familiar with and 449 354 and now they the a 193 they're the 562 00:15:41,840 --> 00:15:41,850 354 and now they the a 193 they're the 563 00:15:41,850 --> 00:15:45,410 354 and now they the a 193 they're the the B five six seven sixteen and also 564 00:15:45,410 --> 00:15:45,420 the B five six seven sixteen and also 565 00:15:45,420 --> 00:15:49,280 the B five six seven sixteen and also the b 8 stainless steel those are used a 566 00:15:49,280 --> 00:15:49,290 the b 8 stainless steel those are used a 567 00:15:49,290 --> 00:15:51,980 the b 8 stainless steel those are used a lot for the pipe flanges that we design 568 00:15:51,980 --> 00:15:51,990 lot for the pipe flanges that we design 569 00:15:51,990 --> 00:15:56,300 lot for the pipe flanges that we design around here so so a lot of you are 570 00:15:56,300 --> 00:15:56,310 around here so so a lot of you are 571 00:15:56,310 --> 00:15:57,350 around here so so a lot of you are probably familiar with 572 00:15:57,350 --> 00:15:57,360 probably familiar with 573 00:15:57,360 --> 00:16:01,040 probably familiar with them the 320 is an alloy steel for low 574 00:16:01,040 --> 00:16:01,050 them the 320 is an alloy steel for low 575 00:16:01,050 --> 00:16:06,889 them the 320 is an alloy steel for low temperatures and 325 is a sort of 576 00:16:06,889 --> 00:16:06,899 temperatures and 325 is a sort of 577 00:16:06,899 --> 00:16:09,710 temperatures and 325 is a sort of equivalent to agreed agreed eight in 578 00:16:09,710 --> 00:16:09,720 equivalent to agreed agreed eight in 579 00:16:09,720 --> 00:16:11,780 equivalent to agreed agreed eight in strength and then the 490 is the highest 580 00:16:11,780 --> 00:16:11,790 strength and then the 490 is the highest 581 00:16:11,790 --> 00:16:15,290 strength and then the 490 is the highest strength of the construction type 582 00:16:15,290 --> 00:16:15,300 strength of the construction type 583 00:16:15,300 --> 00:16:20,740 strength of the construction type fasteners now 584 00:16:20,740 --> 00:16:20,750 fasteners now 585 00:16:20,750 --> 00:16:23,540 fasteners now stainless steel which is a crest you'll 586 00:16:23,540 --> 00:16:23,550 stainless steel which is a crest you'll 587 00:16:23,550 --> 00:16:25,340 stainless steel which is a crest you'll see that designation for it corrosion 588 00:16:25,340 --> 00:16:25,350 see that designation for it corrosion 589 00:16:25,350 --> 00:16:27,560 see that designation for it corrosion resisting steel stainless steel is the 590 00:16:27,560 --> 00:16:27,570 resisting steel stainless steel is the 591 00:16:27,570 --> 00:16:31,490 resisting steel stainless steel is the same generic terminology and the super 592 00:16:31,490 --> 00:16:31,500 same generic terminology and the super 593 00:16:31,500 --> 00:16:34,970 same generic terminology and the super alloy materials now the 300 series that 594 00:16:34,970 --> 00:16:34,980 alloy materials now the 300 series that 595 00:16:34,980 --> 00:16:37,280 alloy materials now the 300 series that we're familiar with around here you get 596 00:16:37,280 --> 00:16:37,290 we're familiar with around here you get 597 00:16:37,290 --> 00:16:39,949 we're familiar with around here you get it up to about 80 ksi because it's not a 598 00:16:39,949 --> 00:16:39,959 it up to about 80 ksi because it's not a 599 00:16:39,959 --> 00:16:43,460 it up to about 80 ksi because it's not a heat treatable material so the only way 600 00:16:43,460 --> 00:16:43,470 heat treatable material so the only way 601 00:16:43,470 --> 00:16:44,990 heat treatable material so the only way that you can get the strength opponent 602 00:16:44,990 --> 00:16:45,000 that you can get the strength opponent 603 00:16:45,000 --> 00:16:47,180 that you can get the strength opponent is by work hardening it and informing it 604 00:16:47,180 --> 00:16:47,190 is by work hardening it and informing it 605 00:16:47,190 --> 00:16:48,769 is by work hardening it and informing it that's about the strength that they get 606 00:16:48,769 --> 00:16:48,779 that's about the strength that they get 607 00:16:48,779 --> 00:16:51,920 that's about the strength that they get starting with annealed material eight to 608 00:16:51,920 --> 00:16:51,930 starting with annealed material eight to 609 00:16:51,930 --> 00:16:53,810 starting with annealed material eight to eighty six we use all the time in the 610 00:16:53,810 --> 00:16:53,820 eighty six we use all the time in the 611 00:16:53,820 --> 00:16:58,360 eighty six we use all the time in the aerospace world up to 160 ksi it is a 612 00:16:58,360 --> 00:16:58,370 aerospace world up to 160 ksi it is a 613 00:16:58,370 --> 00:17:02,180 aerospace world up to 160 ksi it is a very common aerospace material and you 614 00:17:02,180 --> 00:17:02,190 very common aerospace material and you 615 00:17:02,190 --> 00:17:05,449 very common aerospace material and you can you can get it in metric by special 616 00:17:05,449 --> 00:17:05,459 can you can get it in metric by special 617 00:17:05,459 --> 00:17:09,220 can you can get it in metric by special order in a 286 the 400 series is 618 00:17:09,220 --> 00:17:09,230 order in a 286 the 400 series is 619 00:17:09,230 --> 00:17:13,610 order in a 286 the 400 series is available in limited strengths up to 125 620 00:17:13,610 --> 00:17:13,620 available in limited strengths up to 125 621 00:17:13,620 --> 00:17:18,169 available in limited strengths up to 125 ksi and it's also available in metric 622 00:17:18,169 --> 00:17:18,179 ksi and it's also available in metric 623 00:17:18,179 --> 00:17:20,780 ksi and it's also available in metric which I will show you further on now the 624 00:17:20,780 --> 00:17:20,790 which I will show you further on now the 625 00:17:20,790 --> 00:17:24,079 which I will show you further on now the super alloy is here these are the ones 626 00:17:24,079 --> 00:17:24,089 super alloy is here these are the ones 627 00:17:24,089 --> 00:17:26,740 super alloy is here these are the ones that you guys come around looking for 628 00:17:26,740 --> 00:17:26,750 that you guys come around looking for 629 00:17:26,750 --> 00:17:29,120 that you guys come around looking for when you want something for a 630 00:17:29,120 --> 00:17:29,130 when you want something for a 631 00:17:29,130 --> 00:17:33,230 when you want something for a particularly stringent environmental set 632 00:17:33,230 --> 00:17:33,240 particularly stringent environmental set 633 00:17:33,240 --> 00:17:35,000 particularly stringent environmental set of conditions like high temperature 634 00:17:35,000 --> 00:17:35,010 of conditions like high temperature 635 00:17:35,010 --> 00:17:37,570 of conditions like high temperature corrosion and so on these are all 636 00:17:37,570 --> 00:17:37,580 corrosion and so on these are all 637 00:17:37,580 --> 00:17:43,760 corrosion and so on these are all stainless --is here in well titanium of 638 00:17:43,760 --> 00:17:43,770 stainless --is here in well titanium of 639 00:17:43,770 --> 00:17:45,260 stainless --is here in well titanium of course is very corrosion resistant also 640 00:17:45,260 --> 00:17:45,270 course is very corrosion resistant also 641 00:17:45,270 --> 00:17:50,990 course is very corrosion resistant also the MP 35 n an MP 159 are made by SPS 642 00:17:50,990 --> 00:17:51,000 the MP 35 n an MP 159 are made by SPS 643 00:17:51,000 --> 00:17:53,120 the MP 35 n an MP 159 are made by SPS they have the patent on the material and 644 00:17:53,120 --> 00:17:53,130 they have the patent on the material and 645 00:17:53,130 --> 00:17:56,030 they have the patent on the material and they are super corrosion resistant and 646 00:17:56,030 --> 00:17:56,040 they are super corrosion resistant and 647 00:17:56,040 --> 00:17:59,950 they are super corrosion resistant and high-strength up to about 220 ksi 648 00:17:59,950 --> 00:17:59,960 high-strength up to about 220 ksi 649 00:17:59,960 --> 00:18:02,659 high-strength up to about 220 ksi inconel at 750 s used for high 650 00:18:02,659 --> 00:18:02,669 inconel at 750 s used for high 651 00:18:02,669 --> 00:18:05,540 inconel at 750 s used for high temperature and the Haines alloys and 652 00:18:05,540 --> 00:18:05,550 temperature and the Haines alloys and 653 00:18:05,550 --> 00:18:09,680 temperature and the Haines alloys and then the 80 to 86 above 160 ksi strength 654 00:18:09,680 --> 00:18:09,690 then the 80 to 86 above 160 ksi strength 655 00:18:09,690 --> 00:18:11,400 then the 80 to 86 above 160 ksi strength is a 656 00:18:11,400 --> 00:18:11,410 is a 657 00:18:11,410 --> 00:18:14,580 is a because in order to get it above about 658 00:18:14,580 --> 00:18:14,590 because in order to get it above about 659 00:18:14,590 --> 00:18:18,180 because in order to get it above about 180 ksi you have to work harden it in 660 00:18:18,180 --> 00:18:18,190 180 ksi you have to work harden it in 661 00:18:18,190 --> 00:18:22,500 180 ksi you have to work harden it in addition to heat treating it now here's 662 00:18:22,500 --> 00:18:22,510 addition to heat treating it now here's 663 00:18:22,510 --> 00:18:26,010 addition to heat treating it now here's a here's a table of fastener materials I 664 00:18:26,010 --> 00:18:26,020 a here's a table of fastener materials I 665 00:18:26,020 --> 00:18:27,690 a here's a table of fastener materials I won't go through each one of these but 666 00:18:27,690 --> 00:18:27,700 won't go through each one of these but 667 00:18:27,700 --> 00:18:30,060 won't go through each one of these but one of the things I just wanted to point 668 00:18:30,060 --> 00:18:30,070 one of the things I just wanted to point 669 00:18:30,070 --> 00:18:31,650 one of the things I just wanted to point out to you and you'll have to go to this 670 00:18:31,650 --> 00:18:31,660 out to you and you'll have to go to this 671 00:18:31,660 --> 00:18:37,200 out to you and you'll have to go to this one over here on it is how to figure out 672 00:18:37,200 --> 00:18:37,210 one over here on it is how to figure out 673 00:18:37,210 --> 00:18:40,890 one over here on it is how to figure out what the designation is now the the aisi 674 00:18:40,890 --> 00:18:40,900 what the designation is now the the aisi 675 00:18:40,900 --> 00:18:45,720 what the designation is now the the aisi and SAE usually the the numbers are the 676 00:18:45,720 --> 00:18:45,730 and SAE usually the the numbers are the 677 00:18:45,730 --> 00:18:49,169 and SAE usually the the numbers are the same for the steel and in this case here 678 00:18:49,169 --> 00:18:49,179 same for the steel and in this case here 679 00:18:49,179 --> 00:18:52,169 same for the steel and in this case here we have the two as the class of 680 00:18:52,169 --> 00:18:52,179 we have the two as the class of 681 00:18:52,179 --> 00:18:56,130 we have the two as the class of materials over from over here which is a 682 00:18:56,130 --> 00:18:56,140 materials over from over here which is a 683 00:18:56,140 --> 00:19:00,330 materials over from over here which is a nickel steel in this case the three is 684 00:19:00,330 --> 00:19:00,340 nickel steel in this case the three is 685 00:19:00,340 --> 00:19:02,549 nickel steel in this case the three is the approximate percentage of the main 686 00:19:02,549 --> 00:19:02,559 the approximate percentage of the main 687 00:19:02,559 --> 00:19:05,580 the approximate percentage of the main alloying element which in this case is 688 00:19:05,580 --> 00:19:05,590 alloying element which in this case is 689 00:19:05,590 --> 00:19:11,039 alloying element which in this case is is nickel and then the 17 is the carbon 690 00:19:11,039 --> 00:19:11,049 is nickel and then the 17 is the carbon 691 00:19:11,049 --> 00:19:16,110 is nickel and then the 17 is the carbon content so this is a low carbon alloy 692 00:19:16,110 --> 00:19:16,120 content so this is a low carbon alloy 693 00:19:16,120 --> 00:19:16,950 content so this is a low carbon alloy steel 694 00:19:16,950 --> 00:19:16,960 steel 695 00:19:16,960 --> 00:19:19,860 steel 2317 that has no special significance 696 00:19:19,860 --> 00:19:19,870 2317 that has no special significance 697 00:19:19,870 --> 00:19:22,169 2317 that has no special significance other than the fact that it's used to 698 00:19:22,169 --> 00:19:22,179 other than the fact that it's used to 699 00:19:22,179 --> 00:19:26,070 other than the fact that it's used to just illustrate the system now for the 700 00:19:26,070 --> 00:19:26,080 just illustrate the system now for the 701 00:19:26,080 --> 00:19:29,430 just illustrate the system now for the nickel chromium steels and molybdenum 702 00:19:29,430 --> 00:19:29,440 nickel chromium steels and molybdenum 703 00:19:29,440 --> 00:19:32,970 nickel chromium steels and molybdenum steels and so on here are the ones that 704 00:19:32,970 --> 00:19:32,980 steels and so on here are the ones that 705 00:19:32,980 --> 00:19:35,730 steels and so on here are the ones that are used mostly for fasteners in alloy 706 00:19:35,730 --> 00:19:35,740 are used mostly for fasteners in alloy 707 00:19:35,740 --> 00:19:40,289 are used mostly for fasteners in alloy steels the 4000 series you have 40 37 41 708 00:19:40,289 --> 00:19:40,299 steels the 4000 series you have 40 37 41 709 00:19:40,299 --> 00:19:45,720 steels the 4000 series you have 40 37 41 40 43 40 that type of thing that is that 710 00:19:45,720 --> 00:19:45,730 40 43 40 that type of thing that is that 711 00:19:45,730 --> 00:19:52,530 40 43 40 that type of thing that is that are used for the fastener steels 712 00:19:52,530 --> 00:19:52,540 713 00:19:52,540 --> 00:19:54,930 now on chemical compositions I guess I 714 00:19:54,930 --> 00:19:54,940 now on chemical compositions I guess I 715 00:19:54,940 --> 00:19:56,430 now on chemical compositions I guess I better stay with this one over here for 716 00:19:56,430 --> 00:19:56,440 better stay with this one over here for 717 00:19:56,440 --> 00:20:00,660 better stay with this one over here for that also here you see here the the 718 00:20:00,660 --> 00:20:00,670 that also here you see here the the 719 00:20:00,670 --> 00:20:03,720 that also here you see here the the ordinary hardware store of varieties and 720 00:20:03,720 --> 00:20:03,730 ordinary hardware store of varieties and 721 00:20:03,730 --> 00:20:05,970 ordinary hardware store of varieties and you notice that all of these other 722 00:20:05,970 --> 00:20:05,980 you notice that all of these other 723 00:20:05,980 --> 00:20:10,020 you notice that all of these other elements are not listed one of the 724 00:20:10,020 --> 00:20:10,030 elements are not listed one of the 725 00:20:10,030 --> 00:20:11,910 elements are not listed one of the things you can run into if you if you're 726 00:20:11,910 --> 00:20:11,920 things you can run into if you if you're 727 00:20:11,920 --> 00:20:15,270 things you can run into if you if you're having a real problem sometimes you can 728 00:20:15,270 --> 00:20:15,280 having a real problem sometimes you can 729 00:20:15,280 --> 00:20:17,730 having a real problem sometimes you can get some of these steels that have 730 00:20:17,730 --> 00:20:17,740 get some of these steels that have 731 00:20:17,740 --> 00:20:19,590 get some of these steels that have things in them that you don't want the 732 00:20:19,590 --> 00:20:19,600 things in them that you don't want the 733 00:20:19,600 --> 00:20:21,300 things in them that you don't want the guy was pointing this out to me from 734 00:20:21,300 --> 00:20:21,310 guy was pointing this out to me from 735 00:20:21,310 --> 00:20:23,370 guy was pointing this out to me from Lincoln Electric that in welding they're 736 00:20:23,370 --> 00:20:23,380 Lincoln Electric that in welding they're 737 00:20:23,380 --> 00:20:25,230 Lincoln Electric that in welding they're running into that because a lot of Steel 738 00:20:25,230 --> 00:20:25,240 running into that because a lot of Steel 739 00:20:25,240 --> 00:20:27,960 running into that because a lot of Steel is made out of scrap so the scrap has 740 00:20:27,960 --> 00:20:27,970 is made out of scrap so the scrap has 741 00:20:27,970 --> 00:20:30,630 is made out of scrap so the scrap has most anything yet so they're getting a 742 00:20:30,630 --> 00:20:30,640 most anything yet so they're getting a 743 00:20:30,640 --> 00:20:32,190 most anything yet so they're getting a lot of impurities that they don't want 744 00:20:32,190 --> 00:20:32,200 lot of impurities that they don't want 745 00:20:32,200 --> 00:20:34,620 lot of impurities that they don't want in it and then then you get down here 746 00:20:34,620 --> 00:20:34,630 in it and then then you get down here 747 00:20:34,630 --> 00:20:36,570 in it and then then you get down here the standard alloy is the stainless 748 00:20:36,570 --> 00:20:36,580 the standard alloy is the stainless 749 00:20:36,580 --> 00:20:38,790 the standard alloy is the stainless steels one of the ones that I wanted to 750 00:20:38,790 --> 00:20:38,800 steels one of the ones that I wanted to 751 00:20:38,800 --> 00:20:41,850 steels one of the ones that I wanted to call to your attention on that is the in 752 00:20:41,850 --> 00:20:41,860 call to your attention on that is the in 753 00:20:41,860 --> 00:20:46,310 call to your attention on that is the in the 300 series stainless steel down here 754 00:20:46,310 --> 00:20:46,320 the 300 series stainless steel down here 755 00:20:46,320 --> 00:20:49,100 the 300 series stainless steel down here one of the ones that they left out here 756 00:20:49,100 --> 00:20:49,110 one of the ones that they left out here 757 00:20:49,110 --> 00:20:52,740 one of the ones that they left out here was the the L designations the 758 00:20:52,740 --> 00:20:52,750 was the the L designations the 759 00:20:52,750 --> 00:20:57,330 was the the L designations the low-carbon because a lot of the times 760 00:20:57,330 --> 00:20:57,340 low-carbon because a lot of the times 761 00:20:57,340 --> 00:20:59,880 low-carbon because a lot of the times you want to minimize the amount of 762 00:20:59,880 --> 00:20:59,890 you want to minimize the amount of 763 00:20:59,890 --> 00:21:03,960 you want to minimize the amount of carbon in it so you use a 304 L or 316 L 764 00:21:03,960 --> 00:21:03,970 carbon in it so you use a 304 L or 316 L 765 00:21:03,970 --> 00:21:05,580 carbon in it so you use a 304 L or 316 L or something like that and they did not 766 00:21:05,580 --> 00:21:05,590 or something like that and they did not 767 00:21:05,590 --> 00:21:07,380 or something like that and they did not put that one in that table so you might 768 00:21:07,380 --> 00:21:07,390 put that one in that table so you might 769 00:21:07,390 --> 00:21:09,780 put that one in that table so you might want to just flag it alright moving on 770 00:21:09,780 --> 00:21:09,790 want to just flag it alright moving on 771 00:21:09,790 --> 00:21:16,280 want to just flag it alright moving on now to operating temperatures here I 772 00:21:16,280 --> 00:21:16,290 now to operating temperatures here I 773 00:21:16,290 --> 00:21:21,810 now to operating temperatures here I have grouped this in categories and so 774 00:21:21,810 --> 00:21:21,820 have grouped this in categories and so 775 00:21:21,820 --> 00:21:26,430 have grouped this in categories and so the minus 65 and below that's your 776 00:21:26,430 --> 00:21:26,440 the minus 65 and below that's your 777 00:21:26,440 --> 00:21:28,610 the minus 65 and below that's your cryogenic temperatures now of course 778 00:21:28,610 --> 00:21:28,620 cryogenic temperatures now of course 779 00:21:28,620 --> 00:21:31,410 cryogenic temperatures now of course those of you who have been around long 780 00:21:31,410 --> 00:21:31,420 those of you who have been around long 781 00:21:31,420 --> 00:21:33,620 those of you who have been around long enough remember the Atlas and centaur 782 00:21:33,620 --> 00:21:33,630 enough remember the Atlas and centaur 783 00:21:33,630 --> 00:21:38,490 enough remember the Atlas and centaur and curse their liquid hydrogen fueled 784 00:21:38,490 --> 00:21:38,500 and curse their liquid hydrogen fueled 785 00:21:38,500 --> 00:21:42,210 and curse their liquid hydrogen fueled so the temperatures are running on that 786 00:21:42,210 --> 00:21:42,220 so the temperatures are running on that 787 00:21:42,220 --> 00:21:47,030 so the temperatures are running on that type of a vehicle or anywhere from about 788 00:21:47,030 --> 00:21:47,040 type of a vehicle or anywhere from about 789 00:21:47,040 --> 00:21:53,720 type of a vehicle or anywhere from about 300 - 300 to minus 423 so you cannot use 790 00:21:53,720 --> 00:21:53,730 300 - 300 to minus 423 so you cannot use 791 00:21:53,730 --> 00:21:57,180 300 - 300 to minus 423 so you cannot use carbon steels at those temperatures 792 00:21:57,180 --> 00:21:57,190 carbon steels at those temperatures 793 00:21:57,190 --> 00:22:02,820 carbon steels at those temperatures because they will crack like glass even 794 00:22:02,820 --> 00:22:02,830 because they will crack like glass even 795 00:22:02,830 --> 00:22:04,680 because they will crack like glass even some of the stainless steels will go 796 00:22:04,680 --> 00:22:04,690 some of the stainless steels will go 797 00:22:04,690 --> 00:22:07,010 some of the stainless steels will go below about 798 00:22:07,010 --> 00:22:07,020 below about 799 00:22:07,020 --> 00:22:12,810 below about - 150 aluminum is good down to those 800 00:22:12,810 --> 00:22:12,820 - 150 aluminum is good down to those 801 00:22:12,820 --> 00:22:18,540 - 150 aluminum is good down to those temperatures then you go to the - 65 - 802 00:22:18,540 --> 00:22:18,550 temperatures then you go to the - 65 - 803 00:22:18,550 --> 00:22:23,480 temperatures then you go to the - 65 - 450 which is a ordinary range for most 804 00:22:23,480 --> 00:22:23,490 450 which is a ordinary range for most 805 00:22:23,490 --> 00:22:26,820 450 which is a ordinary range for most engineering designs carbon steels are 806 00:22:26,820 --> 00:22:26,830 engineering designs carbon steels are 807 00:22:26,830 --> 00:22:31,650 engineering designs carbon steels are okay and stainless steels are okay but 808 00:22:31,650 --> 00:22:31,660 okay and stainless steels are okay but 809 00:22:31,660 --> 00:22:33,120 okay and stainless steels are okay but then you get into the business of 810 00:22:33,120 --> 00:22:33,130 then you get into the business of 811 00:22:33,130 --> 00:22:35,340 then you get into the business of needing corrosion protection for the 812 00:22:35,340 --> 00:22:35,350 needing corrosion protection for the 813 00:22:35,350 --> 00:22:37,260 needing corrosion protection for the carbon steel with the various types of 814 00:22:37,260 --> 00:22:37,270 carbon steel with the various types of 815 00:22:37,270 --> 00:22:38,970 carbon steel with the various types of plating like the Sanker cadmium or 816 00:22:38,970 --> 00:22:38,980 plating like the Sanker cadmium or 817 00:22:38,980 --> 00:22:41,670 plating like the Sanker cadmium or phosphate or black oxide or whatever and 818 00:22:41,670 --> 00:22:41,680 phosphate or black oxide or whatever and 819 00:22:41,680 --> 00:22:44,310 phosphate or black oxide or whatever and those will be covered of course later on 820 00:22:44,310 --> 00:22:44,320 those will be covered of course later on 821 00:22:44,320 --> 00:22:51,180 those will be covered of course later on in the platings encoding section now for 822 00:22:51,180 --> 00:22:51,190 in the platings encoding section now for 823 00:22:51,190 --> 00:22:54,720 in the platings encoding section now for the 450 and above 824 00:22:54,720 --> 00:22:54,730 the 450 and above 825 00:22:54,730 --> 00:22:56,670 believe it or not you can use unplayed 826 00:22:56,670 --> 00:22:56,680 believe it or not you can use unplayed 827 00:22:56,680 --> 00:22:59,880 believe it or not you can use unplayed carbon steel up to about 700 degrees 828 00:22:59,880 --> 00:22:59,890 carbon steel up to about 700 degrees 829 00:22:59,890 --> 00:23:01,470 carbon steel up to about 700 degrees because the only thing you're looking at 830 00:23:01,470 --> 00:23:01,480 because the only thing you're looking at 831 00:23:01,480 --> 00:23:05,760 because the only thing you're looking at there is how much does the allowable 832 00:23:05,760 --> 00:23:05,770 there is how much does the allowable 833 00:23:05,770 --> 00:23:07,710 there is how much does the allowable drop on it for the temperature so if you 834 00:23:07,710 --> 00:23:07,720 drop on it for the temperature so if you 835 00:23:07,720 --> 00:23:10,890 drop on it for the temperature so if you go in one of the books like mill 836 00:23:10,890 --> 00:23:10,900 go in one of the books like mill 837 00:23:10,900 --> 00:23:13,740 go in one of the books like mill handbook five you can find the 838 00:23:13,740 --> 00:23:13,750 handbook five you can find the 839 00:23:13,750 --> 00:23:17,160 handbook five you can find the temperature curves for carbon steels and 840 00:23:17,160 --> 00:23:17,170 temperature curves for carbon steels and 841 00:23:17,170 --> 00:23:19,260 temperature curves for carbon steels and you find it use it but to see the reason 842 00:23:19,260 --> 00:23:19,270 you find it use it but to see the reason 843 00:23:19,270 --> 00:23:21,840 you find it use it but to see the reason I'm saying unplayed 'add is that an 844 00:23:21,840 --> 00:23:21,850 I'm saying unplayed 'add is that an 845 00:23:21,850 --> 00:23:26,420 I'm saying unplayed 'add is that an awful lot of the platings for Steel's 846 00:23:26,420 --> 00:23:26,430 awful lot of the platings for Steel's 847 00:23:26,430 --> 00:23:28,470 awful lot of the platings for Steel's burn up before you get to that 848 00:23:28,470 --> 00:23:28,480 burn up before you get to that 849 00:23:28,480 --> 00:23:31,650 burn up before you get to that temperature so these are some some of 850 00:23:31,650 --> 00:23:31,660 temperature so these are some some of 851 00:23:31,660 --> 00:23:33,870 temperature so these are some some of the ones that don't hurt you at least 852 00:23:33,870 --> 00:23:33,880 the ones that don't hurt you at least 853 00:23:33,880 --> 00:23:37,260 the ones that don't hurt you at least now and I'm just giving these because of 854 00:23:37,260 --> 00:23:37,270 now and I'm just giving these because of 855 00:23:37,270 --> 00:23:38,730 now and I'm just giving these because of their temperature range rather than the 856 00:23:38,730 --> 00:23:38,740 their temperature range rather than the 857 00:23:38,740 --> 00:23:39,990 their temperature range rather than the fact that you'd normally would not 858 00:23:39,990 --> 00:23:40,000 fact that you'd normally would not 859 00:23:40,000 --> 00:23:42,360 fact that you'd normally would not silver to plate a carbon steel but you 860 00:23:42,360 --> 00:23:42,370 silver to plate a carbon steel but you 861 00:23:42,370 --> 00:23:45,420 silver to plate a carbon steel but you do silver plate stainless steel but 862 00:23:45,420 --> 00:23:45,430 do silver plate stainless steel but 863 00:23:45,430 --> 00:23:48,530 do silver plate stainless steel but silver nickel chromium plating and 864 00:23:48,530 --> 00:23:48,540 silver nickel chromium plating and 865 00:23:48,540 --> 00:23:54,110 silver nickel chromium plating and chromium plating is used on some 866 00:23:54,110 --> 00:23:54,120 chromium plating is used on some 867 00:23:54,120 --> 00:23:58,290 chromium plating is used on some high-strength fasteners for aircraft 868 00:23:58,290 --> 00:23:58,300 high-strength fasteners for aircraft 869 00:23:58,300 --> 00:24:01,800 high-strength fasteners for aircraft landing gear that type of thing the 870 00:24:01,800 --> 00:24:01,810 landing gear that type of thing the 871 00:24:01,810 --> 00:24:03,600 landing gear that type of thing the black oxide coating that you're all 872 00:24:03,600 --> 00:24:03,610 black oxide coating that you're all 873 00:24:03,610 --> 00:24:06,470 black oxide coating that you're all familiar with from your hardware store 874 00:24:06,470 --> 00:24:06,480 familiar with from your hardware store 875 00:24:06,480 --> 00:24:09,980 familiar with from your hardware store bolts looks good and all that but it 876 00:24:09,980 --> 00:24:09,990 bolts looks good and all that but it 877 00:24:09,990 --> 00:24:13,860 bolts looks good and all that but it burns off then you have diffused nickel 878 00:24:13,860 --> 00:24:13,870 burns off then you have diffused nickel 879 00:24:13,870 --> 00:24:16,680 burns off then you have diffused nickel cadmium which is a special one that will 880 00:24:16,680 --> 00:24:16,690 cadmium which is a special one that will 881 00:24:16,690 --> 00:24:18,420 cadmium which is a special one that will be covered later and then of course you 882 00:24:18,420 --> 00:24:18,430 be covered later and then of course you 883 00:24:18,430 --> 00:24:19,230 be covered later and then of course you use the stain 884 00:24:19,230 --> 00:24:19,240 use the stain 885 00:24:19,240 --> 00:24:28,820 use the stain steals and superalloys without anything 886 00:24:28,820 --> 00:24:28,830 887 00:24:28,830 --> 00:24:32,430 now we although we have a corrosion 888 00:24:32,430 --> 00:24:32,440 now we although we have a corrosion 889 00:24:32,440 --> 00:24:37,080 now we although we have a corrosion section I elected to put the oh sorry 890 00:24:37,080 --> 00:24:37,090 section I elected to put the oh sorry 891 00:24:37,090 --> 00:24:37,740 section I elected to put the oh sorry about that 892 00:24:37,740 --> 00:24:37,750 about that 893 00:24:37,750 --> 00:24:40,799 about that here's here's the table of summary of 894 00:24:40,799 --> 00:24:40,809 here's here's the table of summary of 895 00:24:40,809 --> 00:24:44,549 here's here's the table of summary of fastener materials and you can't read 896 00:24:44,549 --> 00:24:44,559 fastener materials and you can't read 897 00:24:44,559 --> 00:24:46,290 fastener materials and you can't read this one so I'll go over to this one one 898 00:24:46,290 --> 00:24:46,300 this one so I'll go over to this one one 899 00:24:46,300 --> 00:24:49,140 this one so I'll go over to this one one of the things that I wanted to point out 900 00:24:49,140 --> 00:24:49,150 of the things that I wanted to point out 901 00:24:49,150 --> 00:24:52,230 of the things that I wanted to point out to you here is that if you look at the 902 00:24:52,230 --> 00:24:52,240 to you here is that if you look at the 903 00:24:52,240 --> 00:24:56,880 to you here is that if you look at the useful design temperature on these you 904 00:24:56,880 --> 00:24:56,890 useful design temperature on these you 905 00:24:56,890 --> 00:25:01,740 useful design temperature on these you find that a 286 is one of the best - for 906 00:25:01,740 --> 00:25:01,750 find that a 286 is one of the best - for 907 00:25:01,750 --> 00:25:06,060 find that a 286 is one of the best - for 23 to 1,200 but if you get down through 908 00:25:06,060 --> 00:25:06,070 23 to 1,200 but if you get down through 909 00:25:06,070 --> 00:25:08,520 23 to 1,200 but if you get down through all of these and you find that this 910 00:25:08,520 --> 00:25:08,530 all of these and you find that this 911 00:25:08,530 --> 00:25:13,260 all of these and you find that this Hanes 230 at the bottom is the only one 912 00:25:13,260 --> 00:25:13,270 Hanes 230 at the bottom is the only one 913 00:25:13,270 --> 00:25:16,490 Hanes 230 at the bottom is the only one that will carry you up to 1,800 degrees 914 00:25:16,490 --> 00:25:16,500 that will carry you up to 1,800 degrees 915 00:25:16,500 --> 00:25:20,340 that will carry you up to 1,800 degrees now the significance of this is that 916 00:25:20,340 --> 00:25:20,350 now the significance of this is that 917 00:25:20,350 --> 00:25:22,799 now the significance of this is that we've gone through on the NASA program 918 00:25:22,799 --> 00:25:22,809 we've gone through on the NASA program 919 00:25:22,809 --> 00:25:24,780 we've gone through on the NASA program the national air space plane and 920 00:25:24,780 --> 00:25:24,790 the national air space plane and 921 00:25:24,790 --> 00:25:28,919 the national air space plane and developing all of these super duper 922 00:25:28,919 --> 00:25:28,929 developing all of these super duper 923 00:25:28,929 --> 00:25:32,190 developing all of these super duper materials to build airplanes out of but 924 00:25:32,190 --> 00:25:32,200 materials to build airplanes out of but 925 00:25:32,200 --> 00:25:34,650 materials to build airplanes out of but we never did anything on developing 926 00:25:34,650 --> 00:25:34,660 we never did anything on developing 927 00:25:34,660 --> 00:25:36,660 we never did anything on developing fasteners to put them together because 928 00:25:36,660 --> 00:25:36,670 fasteners to put them together because 929 00:25:36,670 --> 00:25:42,930 fasteners to put them together because the regular metal fasteners there's what 930 00:25:42,930 --> 00:25:42,940 the regular metal fasteners there's what 931 00:25:42,940 --> 00:25:44,669 the regular metal fasteners there's what they the only thing they have to put 932 00:25:44,669 --> 00:25:44,679 they the only thing they have to put 933 00:25:44,679 --> 00:25:50,820 they the only thing they have to put them together okay moving along now into 934 00:25:50,820 --> 00:25:50,830 them together okay moving along now into 935 00:25:50,830 --> 00:25:52,980 them together okay moving along now into the galvanic corrosion and stress 936 00:25:52,980 --> 00:25:52,990 the galvanic corrosion and stress 937 00:25:52,990 --> 00:25:57,350 the galvanic corrosion and stress corrosion area galvanic corrosion is 938 00:25:57,350 --> 00:25:57,360 corrosion area galvanic corrosion is 939 00:25:57,360 --> 00:26:01,470 corrosion area galvanic corrosion is something that we're all familiar with 940 00:26:01,470 --> 00:26:01,480 something that we're all familiar with 941 00:26:01,480 --> 00:26:05,790 something that we're all familiar with although we may not use that title for 942 00:26:05,790 --> 00:26:05,800 although we may not use that title for 943 00:26:05,800 --> 00:26:09,630 although we may not use that title for it if you get a scratch on the chromium 944 00:26:09,630 --> 00:26:09,640 it if you get a scratch on the chromium 945 00:26:09,640 --> 00:26:13,430 it if you get a scratch on the chromium plating on your car it will rust faster 946 00:26:13,430 --> 00:26:13,440 plating on your car it will rust faster 947 00:26:13,440 --> 00:26:15,570 plating on your car it will rust faster that it would if it didn't have any 948 00:26:15,570 --> 00:26:15,580 that it would if it didn't have any 949 00:26:15,580 --> 00:26:17,580 that it would if it didn't have any plating on it because you have a very 950 00:26:17,580 --> 00:26:17,590 plating on it because you have a very 951 00:26:17,590 --> 00:26:21,960 plating on it because you have a very small anode in a large cathode being the 952 00:26:21,960 --> 00:26:21,970 small anode in a large cathode being the 953 00:26:21,970 --> 00:26:27,799 small anode in a large cathode being the rest of the surface so the anode is 954 00:26:27,799 --> 00:26:27,809 rest of the surface so the anode is 955 00:26:27,809 --> 00:26:30,510 rest of the surface so the anode is deposited on the cathode which means 956 00:26:30,510 --> 00:26:30,520 deposited on the cathode which means 957 00:26:30,520 --> 00:26:33,450 deposited on the cathode which means that it rusts away so rusting is a 958 00:26:33,450 --> 00:26:33,460 that it rusts away so rusting is a 959 00:26:33,460 --> 00:26:37,560 that it rusts away so rusting is a galvanic corrosion and later on we have 960 00:26:37,560 --> 00:26:37,570 galvanic corrosion and later on we have 961 00:26:37,570 --> 00:26:40,740 galvanic corrosion and later on we have a table on the galvanic series that will 962 00:26:40,740 --> 00:26:40,750 a table on the galvanic series that will 963 00:26:40,750 --> 00:26:42,140 a table on the galvanic series that will give you 964 00:26:42,140 --> 00:26:42,150 give you 965 00:26:42,150 --> 00:26:47,090 give you the location in the table of these and 966 00:26:47,090 --> 00:26:47,100 the location in the table of these and 967 00:26:47,100 --> 00:26:48,920 the location in the table of these and the farther apart they are in the table 968 00:26:48,920 --> 00:26:48,930 the farther apart they are in the table 969 00:26:48,930 --> 00:26:52,160 the farther apart they are in the table the bigger galvanic corrosion cell you 970 00:26:52,160 --> 00:26:52,170 the bigger galvanic corrosion cell you 971 00:26:52,170 --> 00:26:59,480 the bigger galvanic corrosion cell you developed between the two of them and of 972 00:26:59,480 --> 00:26:59,490 developed between the two of them and of 973 00:26:59,490 --> 00:27:01,670 developed between the two of them and of course cadmium and zinc are adjacent to 974 00:27:01,670 --> 00:27:01,680 course cadmium and zinc are adjacent to 975 00:27:01,680 --> 00:27:03,440 course cadmium and zinc are adjacent to the aluminum in that table which makes 976 00:27:03,440 --> 00:27:03,450 the aluminum in that table which makes 977 00:27:03,450 --> 00:27:05,720 the aluminum in that table which makes them compatible as coatings for steel 978 00:27:05,720 --> 00:27:05,730 them compatible as coatings for steel 979 00:27:05,730 --> 00:27:10,670 them compatible as coatings for steel fasteners used in aluminum then and to 980 00:27:10,670 --> 00:27:10,680 fasteners used in aluminum then and to 981 00:27:10,680 --> 00:27:12,710 fasteners used in aluminum then and to further protect mating surfaces from 982 00:27:12,710 --> 00:27:12,720 further protect mating surfaces from 983 00:27:12,720 --> 00:27:15,520 further protect mating surfaces from galvanic corrosion you particularly 984 00:27:15,520 --> 00:27:15,530 galvanic corrosion you particularly 985 00:27:15,530 --> 00:27:20,390 galvanic corrosion you particularly where you're putting in rivets and you 986 00:27:20,390 --> 00:27:20,400 where you're putting in rivets and you 987 00:27:20,400 --> 00:27:23,150 where you're putting in rivets and you drill you pilot drill one piece and and 988 00:27:23,150 --> 00:27:23,160 drill you pilot drill one piece and and 989 00:27:23,160 --> 00:27:27,530 drill you pilot drill one piece and and then drill it through you have raw raw 990 00:27:27,530 --> 00:27:27,540 then drill it through you have raw raw 991 00:27:27,540 --> 00:27:29,690 then drill it through you have raw raw surfaces that are not plated with 992 00:27:29,690 --> 00:27:29,700 surfaces that are not plated with 993 00:27:29,700 --> 00:27:32,600 surfaces that are not plated with anything so you either use a zinc 994 00:27:32,600 --> 00:27:32,610 anything so you either use a zinc 995 00:27:32,610 --> 00:27:37,420 anything so you either use a zinc chromate paste or there's a mill 8802 996 00:27:37,420 --> 00:27:37,430 chromate paste or there's a mill 8802 997 00:27:37,430 --> 00:27:42,800 chromate paste or there's a mill 8802 sealer that will deter galvanic 998 00:27:42,800 --> 00:27:42,810 sealer that will deter galvanic 999 00:27:42,810 --> 00:27:50,180 sealer that will deter galvanic corrosion now here is the table or the 1000 00:27:50,180 --> 00:27:50,190 corrosion now here is the table or the 1001 00:27:50,190 --> 00:27:52,340 corrosion now here is the table or the galvanic series and this is something 1002 00:27:52,340 --> 00:27:52,350 galvanic series and this is something 1003 00:27:52,350 --> 00:27:54,680 galvanic series and this is something you can find I think marks handbook and 1004 00:27:54,680 --> 00:27:54,690 you can find I think marks handbook and 1005 00:27:54,690 --> 00:27:58,730 you can find I think marks handbook and various places have it and one of the 1006 00:27:58,730 --> 00:27:58,740 various places have it and one of the 1007 00:27:58,740 --> 00:28:00,530 various places have it and one of the things that I wanted to point out in 1008 00:28:00,530 --> 00:28:00,540 things that I wanted to point out in 1009 00:28:00,540 --> 00:28:04,790 things that I wanted to point out in this is that if you look at cadmium over 1010 00:28:04,790 --> 00:28:04,800 this is that if you look at cadmium over 1011 00:28:04,800 --> 00:28:08,870 this is that if you look at cadmium over here see it is right in the aluminum's 1012 00:28:08,870 --> 00:28:08,880 here see it is right in the aluminum's 1013 00:28:08,880 --> 00:28:12,350 here see it is right in the aluminum's also zinc is there so if you use a 1014 00:28:12,350 --> 00:28:12,360 also zinc is there so if you use a 1015 00:28:12,360 --> 00:28:15,770 also zinc is there so if you use a cadmium plated fastener and aluminum you 1016 00:28:15,770 --> 00:28:15,780 cadmium plated fastener and aluminum you 1017 00:28:15,780 --> 00:28:17,840 cadmium plated fastener and aluminum you will get less galvanic corrosion than 1018 00:28:17,840 --> 00:28:17,850 will get less galvanic corrosion than 1019 00:28:17,850 --> 00:28:22,430 will get less galvanic corrosion than you would say if you used a one of these 1020 00:28:22,430 --> 00:28:22,440 you would say if you used a one of these 1021 00:28:22,440 --> 00:28:28,010 you would say if you used a one of these down here like a brass or or copper 1022 00:28:28,010 --> 00:28:28,020 down here like a brass or or copper 1023 00:28:28,020 --> 00:28:30,160 down here like a brass or or copper inconel or something something like that 1024 00:28:30,160 --> 00:28:30,170 inconel or something something like that 1025 00:28:30,170 --> 00:28:33,230 inconel or something something like that now notice that there are two different 1026 00:28:33,230 --> 00:28:33,240 now notice that there are two different 1027 00:28:33,240 --> 00:28:36,500 now notice that there are two different designations for the stainless steel 1028 00:28:36,500 --> 00:28:36,510 designations for the stainless steel 1029 00:28:36,510 --> 00:28:41,620 designations for the stainless steel that have active and passive normally 1030 00:28:41,620 --> 00:28:41,630 that have active and passive normally 1031 00:28:41,630 --> 00:28:44,420 that have active and passive normally stainless steels are passivated which 1032 00:28:44,420 --> 00:28:44,430 stainless steels are passivated which 1033 00:28:44,430 --> 00:28:48,350 stainless steels are passivated which they're treated with an acid dip to 1034 00:28:48,350 --> 00:28:48,360 they're treated with an acid dip to 1035 00:28:48,360 --> 00:28:52,880 they're treated with an acid dip to remove the any kind of scale they had on 1036 00:28:52,880 --> 00:28:52,890 remove the any kind of scale they had on 1037 00:28:52,890 --> 00:28:54,920 remove the any kind of scale they had on them from processing 1038 00:28:54,920 --> 00:28:54,930 them from processing 1039 00:28:54,930 --> 00:28:57,740 them from processing and to form a protective oxide on the 1040 00:28:57,740 --> 00:28:57,750 and to form a protective oxide on the 1041 00:28:57,750 --> 00:28:59,750 and to form a protective oxide on the surface the passivation of Steel 1042 00:28:59,750 --> 00:28:59,760 surface the passivation of Steel 1043 00:28:59,760 --> 00:29:03,890 surface the passivation of Steel corresponds to anodizing of aluminum so 1044 00:29:03,890 --> 00:29:03,900 corresponds to anodizing of aluminum so 1045 00:29:03,900 --> 00:29:07,610 corresponds to anodizing of aluminum so that's why that they have it shown 1046 00:29:07,610 --> 00:29:07,620 that's why that they have it shown 1047 00:29:07,620 --> 00:29:10,150 that's why that they have it shown differently here passive and active 1048 00:29:10,150 --> 00:29:10,160 differently here passive and active 1049 00:29:10,160 --> 00:29:14,270 differently here passive and active because the the passive is much less 1050 00:29:14,270 --> 00:29:14,280 because the the passive is much less 1051 00:29:14,280 --> 00:29:17,450 because the the passive is much less corrosion a much more corrosion 1052 00:29:17,450 --> 00:29:17,460 corrosion a much more corrosion 1053 00:29:17,460 --> 00:29:20,360 corrosion a much more corrosion resistant okay now going to stress 1054 00:29:20,360 --> 00:29:20,370 resistant okay now going to stress 1055 00:29:20,370 --> 00:29:22,250 resistant okay now going to stress corrosion that is something that we're 1056 00:29:22,250 --> 00:29:22,260 corrosion that is something that we're 1057 00:29:22,260 --> 00:29:26,360 corrosion that is something that we're all familiar with in a sense but there's 1058 00:29:26,360 --> 00:29:26,370 all familiar with in a sense but there's 1059 00:29:26,370 --> 00:29:30,050 all familiar with in a sense but there's not much available in textbooks on it 1060 00:29:30,050 --> 00:29:30,060 not much available in textbooks on it 1061 00:29:30,060 --> 00:29:32,660 not much available in textbooks on it because it the the study of it is a 1062 00:29:32,660 --> 00:29:32,670 because it the the study of it is a 1063 00:29:32,670 --> 00:29:37,280 because it the the study of it is a fairly recent thing now stress corrosion 1064 00:29:37,280 --> 00:29:37,290 fairly recent thing now stress corrosion 1065 00:29:37,290 --> 00:29:39,320 fairly recent thing now stress corrosion of course occurs when our sensitive 1066 00:29:39,320 --> 00:29:39,330 of course occurs when our sensitive 1067 00:29:39,330 --> 00:29:40,910 of course occurs when our sensitive material is loaded in tension in a 1068 00:29:40,910 --> 00:29:40,920 material is loaded in tension in a 1069 00:29:40,920 --> 00:29:42,590 material is loaded in tension in a corrosive environment now that sounds 1070 00:29:42,590 --> 00:29:42,600 corrosive environment now that sounds 1071 00:29:42,600 --> 00:29:45,140 corrosive environment now that sounds pretty easy and what happens the surface 1072 00:29:45,140 --> 00:29:45,150 pretty easy and what happens the surface 1073 00:29:45,150 --> 00:29:47,690 pretty easy and what happens the surface develops pits or cracks from exposure 1074 00:29:47,690 --> 00:29:47,700 develops pits or cracks from exposure 1075 00:29:47,700 --> 00:29:50,450 develops pits or cracks from exposure and this of course gives you stress 1076 00:29:50,450 --> 00:29:50,460 and this of course gives you stress 1077 00:29:50,460 --> 00:29:53,750 and this of course gives you stress risers which will cause the component to 1078 00:29:53,750 --> 00:29:53,760 risers which will cause the component to 1079 00:29:53,760 --> 00:29:59,360 risers which will cause the component to fail at as little as twenty percent of 1080 00:29:59,360 --> 00:29:59,370 fail at as little as twenty percent of 1081 00:29:59,370 --> 00:30:03,850 fail at as little as twenty percent of us calculated load capacity now the 1082 00:30:03,850 --> 00:30:03,860 us calculated load capacity now the 1083 00:30:03,860 --> 00:30:06,650 us calculated load capacity now the thing about it one of the reasons why I 1084 00:30:06,650 --> 00:30:06,660 thing about it one of the reasons why I 1085 00:30:06,660 --> 00:30:08,840 thing about it one of the reasons why I don't propose using the super high 1086 00:30:08,840 --> 00:30:08,850 don't propose using the super high 1087 00:30:08,850 --> 00:30:11,300 don't propose using the super high strength alloy steel fasteners if you 1088 00:30:11,300 --> 00:30:11,310 strength alloy steel fasteners if you 1089 00:30:11,310 --> 00:30:14,270 strength alloy steel fasteners if you can avoid it is the higher the strength 1090 00:30:14,270 --> 00:30:14,280 can avoid it is the higher the strength 1091 00:30:14,280 --> 00:30:17,030 can avoid it is the higher the strength the more sensitive it is to stress 1092 00:30:17,030 --> 00:30:17,040 the more sensitive it is to stress 1093 00:30:17,040 --> 00:30:22,550 the more sensitive it is to stress corrosion so so you try to steer clear 1094 00:30:22,550 --> 00:30:22,560 corrosion so so you try to steer clear 1095 00:30:22,560 --> 00:30:27,350 corrosion so so you try to steer clear of using super high strength fasteners 1096 00:30:27,350 --> 00:30:27,360 of using super high strength fasteners 1097 00:30:27,360 --> 00:30:30,560 of using super high strength fasteners in alloy steel for that reason the 1098 00:30:30,560 --> 00:30:30,570 in alloy steel for that reason the 1099 00:30:30,570 --> 00:30:34,250 in alloy steel for that reason the stainless steels most of them are not 1100 00:30:34,250 --> 00:30:34,260 stainless steels most of them are not 1101 00:30:34,260 --> 00:30:36,500 stainless steels most of them are not stress corrosion susceptible other than 1102 00:30:36,500 --> 00:30:36,510 stress corrosion susceptible other than 1103 00:30:36,510 --> 00:30:38,840 stress corrosion susceptible other than the precipitation hardening 17:4 and 1104 00:30:38,840 --> 00:30:38,850 the precipitation hardening 17:4 and 1105 00:30:38,850 --> 00:30:41,810 the precipitation hardening 17:4 and 17-7 so you ought to look at that before 1106 00:30:41,810 --> 00:30:41,820 17-7 so you ought to look at that before 1107 00:30:41,820 --> 00:30:43,790 17-7 so you ought to look at that before you select the fasteners that you're 1108 00:30:43,790 --> 00:30:43,800 you select the fasteners that you're 1109 00:30:43,800 --> 00:30:48,770 you select the fasteners that you're going to use here's another one that you 1110 00:30:48,770 --> 00:30:48,780 going to use here's another one that you 1111 00:30:48,780 --> 00:30:53,200 going to use here's another one that you can run into although it's it's not a 1112 00:30:53,200 --> 00:30:53,210 can run into although it's it's not a 1113 00:30:53,210 --> 00:30:57,490 can run into although it's it's not a that common as decarburization when you 1114 00:30:57,490 --> 00:30:57,500 that common as decarburization when you 1115 00:30:57,500 --> 00:31:01,820 that common as decarburization when you heat treat a carbon steel you can 1116 00:31:01,820 --> 00:31:01,830 heat treat a carbon steel you can 1117 00:31:01,830 --> 00:31:04,160 heat treat a carbon steel you can actually precipitate carbon out on the 1118 00:31:04,160 --> 00:31:04,170 actually precipitate carbon out on the 1119 00:31:04,170 --> 00:31:07,730 actually precipitate carbon out on the surface and i would compare this to like 1120 00:31:07,730 --> 00:31:07,740 surface and i would compare this to like 1121 00:31:07,740 --> 00:31:08,590 surface and i would compare this to like charred whew 1122 00:31:08,590 --> 00:31:08,600 charred whew 1123 00:31:08,600 --> 00:31:10,419 charred whew or something like that you know charred 1124 00:31:10,419 --> 00:31:10,429 or something like that you know charred 1125 00:31:10,429 --> 00:31:13,480 or something like that you know charred wood is how it's very soft on the 1126 00:31:13,480 --> 00:31:13,490 wood is how it's very soft on the 1127 00:31:13,490 --> 00:31:14,950 wood is how it's very soft on the surface because that this is essentially 1128 00:31:14,950 --> 00:31:14,960 surface because that this is essentially 1129 00:31:14,960 --> 00:31:15,999 surface because that this is essentially what you're getting you're getting a 1130 00:31:15,999 --> 00:31:16,009 what you're getting you're getting a 1131 00:31:16,009 --> 00:31:19,269 what you're getting you're getting a heavy carbon coat in the outer surface 1132 00:31:19,269 --> 00:31:19,279 heavy carbon coat in the outer surface 1133 00:31:19,279 --> 00:31:21,370 heavy carbon coat in the outer surface and of course it's not as strong as the 1134 00:31:21,370 --> 00:31:21,380 and of course it's not as strong as the 1135 00:31:21,380 --> 00:31:23,590 and of course it's not as strong as the parent material and on machine parts 1136 00:31:23,590 --> 00:31:23,600 parent material and on machine parts 1137 00:31:23,600 --> 00:31:27,570 parent material and on machine parts they sometimes just machine that off and 1138 00:31:27,570 --> 00:31:27,580 they sometimes just machine that off and 1139 00:31:27,580 --> 00:31:30,070 they sometimes just machine that off and and go ahead and and they can use the 1140 00:31:30,070 --> 00:31:30,080 and go ahead and and they can use the 1141 00:31:30,080 --> 00:31:31,450 and go ahead and and they can use the part but of course on a fastener you 1142 00:31:31,450 --> 00:31:31,460 part but of course on a fastener you 1143 00:31:31,460 --> 00:31:33,310 part but of course on a fastener you can't do that so you have to be careful 1144 00:31:33,310 --> 00:31:33,320 can't do that so you have to be careful 1145 00:31:33,320 --> 00:31:35,710 can't do that so you have to be careful about decarburization and once again 1146 00:31:35,710 --> 00:31:35,720 about decarburization and once again 1147 00:31:35,720 --> 00:31:40,180 about decarburization and once again it's on the strength above 180 ksi now 1148 00:31:40,180 --> 00:31:40,190 it's on the strength above 180 ksi now 1149 00:31:40,190 --> 00:31:42,249 it's on the strength above 180 ksi now tempered brittleness is another thing 1150 00:31:42,249 --> 00:31:42,259 tempered brittleness is another thing 1151 00:31:42,259 --> 00:31:43,779 tempered brittleness is another thing you can run into on the high strength 1152 00:31:43,779 --> 00:31:43,789 you can run into on the high strength 1153 00:31:43,789 --> 00:31:46,590 you can run into on the high strength fasteners after you have clenched them 1154 00:31:46,590 --> 00:31:46,600 fasteners after you have clenched them 1155 00:31:46,600 --> 00:31:50,649 fasteners after you have clenched them then you need to go back and tempura 1156 00:31:50,649 --> 00:31:50,659 then you need to go back and tempura 1157 00:31:50,659 --> 00:31:53,619 then you need to go back and tempura much means holding a mat at a fairly low 1158 00:31:53,619 --> 00:31:53,629 much means holding a mat at a fairly low 1159 00:31:53,629 --> 00:31:57,190 much means holding a mat at a fairly low temperature to get the strength that you 1160 00:31:57,190 --> 00:31:57,200 temperature to get the strength that you 1161 00:31:57,200 --> 00:31:59,740 temperature to get the strength that you need but that also causes the material 1162 00:31:59,740 --> 00:31:59,750 need but that also causes the material 1163 00:31:59,750 --> 00:32:04,180 need but that also causes the material to be brittle so carbon steel fasteners 1164 00:32:04,180 --> 00:32:04,190 to be brittle so carbon steel fasteners 1165 00:32:04,190 --> 00:32:10,869 to be brittle so carbon steel fasteners above 190 ksi are a real risk as far as 1166 00:32:10,869 --> 00:32:10,879 above 190 ksi are a real risk as far as 1167 00:32:10,879 --> 00:32:16,990 above 190 ksi are a real risk as far as having brittle failure now you can use 1168 00:32:16,990 --> 00:32:17,000 having brittle failure now you can use 1169 00:32:17,000 --> 00:32:19,810 having brittle failure now you can use some of the the super alloys and 1170 00:32:19,810 --> 00:32:19,820 some of the the super alloys and 1171 00:32:19,820 --> 00:32:21,070 some of the the super alloys and strengths higher than that but not the 1172 00:32:21,070 --> 00:32:21,080 strengths higher than that but not the 1173 00:32:21,080 --> 00:32:23,740 strengths higher than that but not the ordinary carbon steel now going to 1174 00:32:23,740 --> 00:32:23,750 ordinary carbon steel now going to 1175 00:32:23,750 --> 00:32:27,249 ordinary carbon steel now going to carbide precipitation this is something 1176 00:32:27,249 --> 00:32:27,259 carbide precipitation this is something 1177 00:32:27,259 --> 00:32:29,830 carbide precipitation this is something that gets people in trouble a lot where 1178 00:32:29,830 --> 00:32:29,840 that gets people in trouble a lot where 1179 00:32:29,840 --> 00:32:33,190 that gets people in trouble a lot where they don't want a stainless steel to 1180 00:32:33,190 --> 00:32:33,200 they don't want a stainless steel to 1181 00:32:33,200 --> 00:32:36,779 they don't want a stainless steel to rest and believe it or not this is 1182 00:32:36,779 --> 00:32:36,789 rest and believe it or not this is 1183 00:32:36,789 --> 00:32:41,560 rest and believe it or not this is fairly recent least recent for me maybe 1184 00:32:41,560 --> 00:32:41,570 fairly recent least recent for me maybe 1185 00:32:41,570 --> 00:32:46,210 fairly recent least recent for me maybe for you guys it's ancient but we ran 1186 00:32:46,210 --> 00:32:46,220 for you guys it's ancient but we ran 1187 00:32:46,220 --> 00:32:47,680 for you guys it's ancient but we ran into this on the Atlas and centaur 1188 00:32:47,680 --> 00:32:47,690 into this on the Atlas and centaur 1189 00:32:47,690 --> 00:32:50,080 into this on the Atlas and centaur programs in which we had joints rusting 1190 00:32:50,080 --> 00:32:50,090 programs in which we had joints rusting 1191 00:32:50,090 --> 00:32:51,909 programs in which we had joints rusting down at the Cape with this thing sitting 1192 00:32:51,909 --> 00:32:51,919 down at the Cape with this thing sitting 1193 00:32:51,919 --> 00:32:54,490 down at the Cape with this thing sitting on the pad and this is stainless steel 1194 00:32:54,490 --> 00:32:54,500 on the pad and this is stainless steel 1195 00:32:54,500 --> 00:32:56,950 on the pad and this is stainless steel it's not supposed to rest but what they 1196 00:32:56,950 --> 00:32:56,960 it's not supposed to rest but what they 1197 00:32:56,960 --> 00:32:58,990 it's not supposed to rest but what they had on that some of these sections were 1198 00:32:58,990 --> 00:32:59,000 had on that some of these sections were 1199 00:32:59,000 --> 00:33:01,659 had on that some of these sections were put together by fusion welding and of 1200 00:33:01,659 --> 00:33:01,669 put together by fusion welding and of 1201 00:33:01,669 --> 00:33:04,060 put together by fusion welding and of course the only way that you can prevent 1202 00:33:04,060 --> 00:33:04,070 course the only way that you can prevent 1203 00:33:04,070 --> 00:33:07,810 course the only way that you can prevent it from resting on the 300 these were 1204 00:33:07,810 --> 00:33:07,820 it from resting on the 300 these were 1205 00:33:07,820 --> 00:33:14,110 it from resting on the 300 these were 301 is to solution treat it after 1206 00:33:14,110 --> 00:33:14,120 301 is to solution treat it after 1207 00:33:14,120 --> 00:33:15,850 301 is to solution treat it after welding which means you take it up to 1208 00:33:15,850 --> 00:33:15,860 welding which means you take it up to 1209 00:33:15,860 --> 00:33:18,460 welding which means you take it up to about 1800 degrees or something like 1210 00:33:18,460 --> 00:33:18,470 about 1800 degrees or something like 1211 00:33:18,470 --> 00:33:20,200 about 1800 degrees or something like that and get the chromium back in 1212 00:33:20,200 --> 00:33:20,210 that and get the chromium back in 1213 00:33:20,210 --> 00:33:21,450 that and get the chromium back in solution 1214 00:33:21,450 --> 00:33:21,460 solution 1215 00:33:21,460 --> 00:33:24,000 solution what happens the carbon will combine 1216 00:33:24,000 --> 00:33:24,010 what happens the carbon will combine 1217 00:33:24,010 --> 00:33:25,590 what happens the carbon will combine with the chromium the form chromium 1218 00:33:25,590 --> 00:33:25,600 with the chromium the form chromium 1219 00:33:25,600 --> 00:33:27,840 with the chromium the form chromium carbide in the well join and of course 1220 00:33:27,840 --> 00:33:27,850 carbide in the well join and of course 1221 00:33:27,850 --> 00:33:29,669 carbide in the well join and of course that pulls the chromium out so if you 1222 00:33:29,669 --> 00:33:29,679 that pulls the chromium out so if you 1223 00:33:29,679 --> 00:33:34,019 that pulls the chromium out so if you had your regular 301 is an 18 8 18 1224 00:33:34,019 --> 00:33:34,029 had your regular 301 is an 18 8 18 1225 00:33:34,029 --> 00:33:36,600 had your regular 301 is an 18 8 18 chromium 8 nickel so you pull the 1226 00:33:36,600 --> 00:33:36,610 chromium 8 nickel so you pull the 1227 00:33:36,610 --> 00:33:38,669 chromium 8 nickel so you pull the chromium out if it falls below about 12 1228 00:33:38,669 --> 00:33:38,679 chromium out if it falls below about 12 1229 00:33:38,679 --> 00:33:43,350 chromium out if it falls below about 12 percent the steel rest so this is why 1230 00:33:43,350 --> 00:33:43,360 percent the steel rest so this is why 1231 00:33:43,360 --> 00:33:45,750 percent the steel rest so this is why that normally if you're going to have 1232 00:33:45,750 --> 00:33:45,760 that normally if you're going to have 1233 00:33:45,760 --> 00:33:48,480 that normally if you're going to have welded joints you try to use a 300 1234 00:33:48,480 --> 00:33:48,490 welded joints you try to use a 300 1235 00:33:48,490 --> 00:33:50,730 welded joints you try to use a 300 series with the L designation which is 1236 00:33:50,730 --> 00:33:50,740 series with the L designation which is 1237 00:33:50,740 --> 00:33:53,970 series with the L designation which is low carbon and even use a low carbon 1238 00:33:53,970 --> 00:33:53,980 low carbon and even use a low carbon 1239 00:33:53,980 --> 00:33:58,620 low carbon and even use a low carbon well dried or better yet and this is 1240 00:33:58,620 --> 00:33:58,630 well dried or better yet and this is 1241 00:33:58,630 --> 00:34:01,649 well dried or better yet and this is what we did it mark mariette on the 1242 00:34:01,649 --> 00:34:01,659 what we did it mark mariette on the 1243 00:34:01,659 --> 00:34:05,580 what we did it mark mariette on the titan you use 321 stainless because it 1244 00:34:05,580 --> 00:34:05,590 titan you use 321 stainless because it 1245 00:34:05,590 --> 00:34:08,430 titan you use 321 stainless because it has titanium in it the titan or are you 1246 00:34:08,430 --> 00:34:08,440 has titanium in it the titan or are you 1247 00:34:08,440 --> 00:34:12,210 has titanium in it the titan or are you use 347 which has columbium and the 1248 00:34:12,210 --> 00:34:12,220 use 347 which has columbium and the 1249 00:34:12,220 --> 00:34:14,550 use 347 which has columbium and the titanium and columbium will combine with 1250 00:34:14,550 --> 00:34:14,560 titanium and columbium will combine with 1251 00:34:14,560 --> 00:34:17,099 titanium and columbium will combine with the carbon before the chromium will so 1252 00:34:17,099 --> 00:34:17,109 the carbon before the chromium will so 1253 00:34:17,109 --> 00:34:18,750 the carbon before the chromium will so that will leave the chromium in solution 1254 00:34:18,750 --> 00:34:18,760 that will leave the chromium in solution 1255 00:34:18,760 --> 00:34:22,109 that will leave the chromium in solution so that you still have the corrosion 1256 00:34:22,109 --> 00:34:22,119 so that you still have the corrosion 1257 00:34:22,119 --> 00:34:26,520 so that you still have the corrosion resistance so keep that in mind when 1258 00:34:26,520 --> 00:34:26,530 resistance so keep that in mind when 1259 00:34:26,530 --> 00:34:28,859 resistance so keep that in mind when selecting fasteners for anything above 1260 00:34:28,859 --> 00:34:28,869 selecting fasteners for anything above 1261 00:34:28,869 --> 00:34:30,839 selecting fasteners for anything above about 800 degrees in the stainless steel 1262 00:34:30,839 --> 00:34:30,849 about 800 degrees in the stainless steel 1263 00:34:30,849 --> 00:34:34,919 about 800 degrees in the stainless steel to use 321 or 347 now in material 1264 00:34:34,919 --> 00:34:34,929 to use 321 or 347 now in material 1265 00:34:34,929 --> 00:34:39,329 to use 321 or 347 now in material strengths after the temperature and 1266 00:34:39,329 --> 00:34:39,339 strengths after the temperature and 1267 00:34:39,339 --> 00:34:40,649 strengths after the temperature and corrosion requirements have been 1268 00:34:40,649 --> 00:34:40,659 corrosion requirements have been 1269 00:34:40,659 --> 00:34:42,599 corrosion requirements have been determined then you've got a look at the 1270 00:34:42,599 --> 00:34:42,609 determined then you've got a look at the 1271 00:34:42,609 --> 00:34:46,349 determined then you've got a look at the material strength and once again keep in 1272 00:34:46,349 --> 00:34:46,359 material strength and once again keep in 1273 00:34:46,359 --> 00:34:47,730 material strength and once again keep in mind it's the higher the strength of the 1274 00:34:47,730 --> 00:34:47,740 mind it's the higher the strength of the 1275 00:34:47,740 --> 00:34:49,919 mind it's the higher the strength of the material the more stringent to 1276 00:34:49,919 --> 00:34:49,929 material the more stringent to 1277 00:34:49,929 --> 00:34:51,300 material the more stringent to manufacturing and quality requirements 1278 00:34:51,300 --> 00:34:51,310 manufacturing and quality requirements 1279 00:34:51,310 --> 00:34:55,470 manufacturing and quality requirements become because it's more sensitive to 1280 00:34:55,470 --> 00:34:55,480 become because it's more sensitive to 1281 00:34:55,480 --> 00:34:58,050 become because it's more sensitive to imperfections if weight is not critical 1282 00:34:58,050 --> 00:34:58,060 imperfections if weight is not critical 1283 00:34:58,060 --> 00:35:01,320 imperfections if weight is not critical it's better to use a lot of fasteners of 1284 00:35:01,320 --> 00:35:01,330 it's better to use a lot of fasteners of 1285 00:35:01,330 --> 00:35:04,410 it's better to use a lot of fasteners of lower strengths than to use a few high 1286 00:35:04,410 --> 00:35:04,420 lower strengths than to use a few high 1287 00:35:04,420 --> 00:35:06,510 lower strengths than to use a few high strength fasteners you use those old 1288 00:35:06,510 --> 00:35:06,520 strength fasteners you use those old 1289 00:35:06,520 --> 00:35:07,260 strength fasteners you use those old grade eights 1290 00:35:07,260 --> 00:35:07,270 grade eights 1291 00:35:07,270 --> 00:35:09,810 grade eights if you can use them and you don't have 1292 00:35:09,810 --> 00:35:09,820 if you can use them and you don't have 1293 00:35:09,820 --> 00:35:12,050 if you can use them and you don't have to worry about weight 1294 00:35:12,050 --> 00:35:12,060 to worry about weight 1295 00:35:12,060 --> 00:35:18,720 to worry about weight now here's metric fasteners and that is 1296 00:35:18,720 --> 00:35:18,730 now here's metric fasteners and that is 1297 00:35:18,730 --> 00:35:21,720 now here's metric fasteners and that is one of the least understood I think 1298 00:35:21,720 --> 00:35:21,730 one of the least understood I think 1299 00:35:21,730 --> 00:35:26,750 one of the least understood I think between most design engineers and and 1300 00:35:26,750 --> 00:35:26,760 between most design engineers and and 1301 00:35:26,760 --> 00:35:29,400 between most design engineers and and I'll have to admit it's confusing to me 1302 00:35:29,400 --> 00:35:29,410 I'll have to admit it's confusing to me 1303 00:35:29,410 --> 00:35:32,430 I'll have to admit it's confusing to me although my my buddy Ben Glenn Dolf who 1304 00:35:32,430 --> 00:35:32,440 although my my buddy Ben Glenn Dolf who 1305 00:35:32,440 --> 00:35:35,280 although my my buddy Ben Glenn Dolf who came from Sweden says that metric is 1306 00:35:35,280 --> 00:35:35,290 came from Sweden says that metric is 1307 00:35:35,290 --> 00:35:37,110 came from Sweden says that metric is way of the world he thinks it's great 1308 00:35:37,110 --> 00:35:37,120 way of the world he thinks it's great 1309 00:35:37,120 --> 00:35:40,350 way of the world he thinks it's great but I still have trouble with it so go 1310 00:35:40,350 --> 00:35:40,360 but I still have trouble with it so go 1311 00:35:40,360 --> 00:35:45,170 but I still have trouble with it so go through some of the peculiarities of 1312 00:35:45,170 --> 00:35:45,180 through some of the peculiarities of 1313 00:35:45,180 --> 00:35:48,780 through some of the peculiarities of metric fasteners on the property classes 1314 00:35:48,780 --> 00:35:48,790 metric fasteners on the property classes 1315 00:35:48,790 --> 00:35:51,000 metric fasteners on the property classes is the way that they specify the 1316 00:35:51,000 --> 00:35:51,010 is the way that they specify the 1317 00:35:51,010 --> 00:35:54,000 is the way that they specify the strength and which is a tensile element 1318 00:35:54,000 --> 00:35:54,010 strength and which is a tensile element 1319 00:35:54,010 --> 00:35:56,580 strength and which is a tensile element in a then yield as a percent of the 1320 00:35:56,580 --> 00:35:56,590 in a then yield as a percent of the 1321 00:35:56,590 --> 00:35:59,430 in a then yield as a percent of the ultimate in mega Pascal's and somewhere 1322 00:35:59,430 --> 00:35:59,440 ultimate in mega Pascal's and somewhere 1323 00:35:59,440 --> 00:36:01,230 ultimate in mega Pascal's and somewhere here at mega Pascal is one hundred and 1324 00:36:01,230 --> 00:36:01,240 here at mega Pascal is one hundred and 1325 00:36:01,240 --> 00:36:03,690 here at mega Pascal is one hundred and forty five point oh four or psi for any 1326 00:36:03,690 --> 00:36:03,700 forty five point oh four or psi for any 1327 00:36:03,700 --> 00:36:08,400 forty five point oh four or psi for any of those you need to convert now the 1328 00:36:08,400 --> 00:36:08,410 of those you need to convert now the 1329 00:36:08,410 --> 00:36:11,160 of those you need to convert now the material is not specified in the 1330 00:36:11,160 --> 00:36:11,170 material is not specified in the 1331 00:36:11,170 --> 00:36:13,950 material is not specified in the call-out so you have to specify the 1332 00:36:13,950 --> 00:36:13,960 call-out so you have to specify the 1333 00:36:13,960 --> 00:36:16,260 call-out so you have to specify the material yourself or otherwise you don't 1334 00:36:16,260 --> 00:36:16,270 material yourself or otherwise you don't 1335 00:36:16,270 --> 00:36:18,360 material yourself or otherwise you don't know what you're getting so if you have 1336 00:36:18,360 --> 00:36:18,370 know what you're getting so if you have 1337 00:36:18,370 --> 00:36:20,670 know what you're getting so if you have like a property class six point eight 1338 00:36:20,670 --> 00:36:20,680 like a property class six point eight 1339 00:36:20,680 --> 00:36:24,960 like a property class six point eight it's a carbon steel of some kind with an 1340 00:36:24,960 --> 00:36:24,970 it's a carbon steel of some kind with an 1341 00:36:24,970 --> 00:36:26,520 it's a carbon steel of some kind with an ultimate strength of six hundred mega 1342 00:36:26,520 --> 00:36:26,530 ultimate strength of six hundred mega 1343 00:36:26,530 --> 00:36:29,130 ultimate strength of six hundred mega Pascal's and a yield of eight tenths 1344 00:36:29,130 --> 00:36:29,140 Pascal's and a yield of eight tenths 1345 00:36:29,140 --> 00:36:31,290 Pascal's and a yield of eight tenths times that because that's where the 1346 00:36:31,290 --> 00:36:31,300 times that because that's where the 1347 00:36:31,300 --> 00:36:35,130 times that because that's where the point eight comes from now for for some 1348 00:36:35,130 --> 00:36:35,140 point eight comes from now for for some 1349 00:36:35,140 --> 00:36:37,200 point eight comes from now for for some stainless steels they don't use those 1350 00:36:37,200 --> 00:36:37,210 stainless steels they don't use those 1351 00:36:37,210 --> 00:36:41,790 stainless steels they don't use those rules and so I have a table further down 1352 00:36:41,790 --> 00:36:41,800 rules and so I have a table further down 1353 00:36:41,800 --> 00:36:44,010 rules and so I have a table further down the line here that shows the peculiar 1354 00:36:44,010 --> 00:36:44,020 the line here that shows the peculiar 1355 00:36:44,020 --> 00:36:45,930 the line here that shows the peculiar type stainless steels the way they're 1356 00:36:45,930 --> 00:36:45,940 type stainless steels the way they're 1357 00:36:45,940 --> 00:36:49,320 type stainless steels the way they're called out the metric system now here's 1358 00:36:49,320 --> 00:36:49,330 called out the metric system now here's 1359 00:36:49,330 --> 00:36:50,790 called out the metric system now here's something I had a little trouble with 1360 00:36:50,790 --> 00:36:50,800 something I had a little trouble with 1361 00:36:50,800 --> 00:36:53,370 something I had a little trouble with getting people to understand around here 1362 00:36:53,370 --> 00:36:53,380 getting people to understand around here 1363 00:36:53,380 --> 00:36:56,610 getting people to understand around here because when we had a government decree 1364 00:36:56,610 --> 00:36:56,620 because when we had a government decree 1365 00:36:56,620 --> 00:37:06,840 because when we had a government decree to go to the metric fasteners for the CM 1366 00:37:06,840 --> 00:37:06,850 to go to the metric fasteners for the CM 1367 00:37:06,850 --> 00:37:11,130 to go to the metric fasteners for the CM one project or for all new projects the 1368 00:37:11,130 --> 00:37:11,140 one project or for all new projects the 1369 00:37:11,140 --> 00:37:13,740 one project or for all new projects the metric aerospace fasteners are not 1370 00:37:13,740 --> 00:37:13,750 metric aerospace fasteners are not 1371 00:37:13,750 --> 00:37:16,890 metric aerospace fasteners are not available in the European market they 1372 00:37:16,890 --> 00:37:16,900 available in the European market they 1373 00:37:16,900 --> 00:37:19,350 available in the European market they use American inch bound fasteners on 1374 00:37:19,350 --> 00:37:19,360 use American inch bound fasteners on 1375 00:37:19,360 --> 00:37:23,070 use American inch bound fasteners on their airplanes and I toured the Huck's 1376 00:37:23,070 --> 00:37:23,080 their airplanes and I toured the Huck's 1377 00:37:23,080 --> 00:37:25,080 their airplanes and I toured the Huck's rivet plant and to sign a couple years 1378 00:37:25,080 --> 00:37:25,090 rivet plant and to sign a couple years 1379 00:37:25,090 --> 00:37:26,940 rivet plant and to sign a couple years ago and the chief engineer told me at 1380 00:37:26,940 --> 00:37:26,950 ago and the chief engineer told me at 1381 00:37:26,950 --> 00:37:29,460 ago and the chief engineer told me at the time that it that the a300 people 1382 00:37:29,460 --> 00:37:29,470 the time that it that the a300 people 1383 00:37:29,470 --> 00:37:31,340 the time that it that the a300 people were their biggest customer at that time 1384 00:37:31,340 --> 00:37:31,350 were their biggest customer at that time 1385 00:37:31,350 --> 00:37:35,000 were their biggest customer at that time on fasteners because there aren't any 1386 00:37:35,000 --> 00:37:35,010 on fasteners because there aren't any 1387 00:37:35,010 --> 00:37:37,950 on fasteners because there aren't any aerospace fasteners available in the 1388 00:37:37,950 --> 00:37:37,960 aerospace fasteners available in the 1389 00:37:37,960 --> 00:37:41,700 aerospace fasteners available in the European market so you can get them in 1390 00:37:41,700 --> 00:37:41,710 European market so you can get them in 1391 00:37:41,710 --> 00:37:44,910 European market so you can get them in this country on special order and due to 1392 00:37:44,910 --> 00:37:44,920 this country on special order and due to 1393 00:37:44,920 --> 00:37:49,080 this country on special order and due to the fact that the property class is 1394 00:37:49,080 --> 00:37:49,090 the fact that the property class is 1395 00:37:49,090 --> 00:37:53,810 the fact that the property class is not enough to define the fasteners the 1396 00:37:53,810 --> 00:37:53,820 not enough to define the fasteners the 1397 00:37:53,820 --> 00:38:00,750 not enough to define the fasteners the Naas committee and our agency fastener 1398 00:38:00,750 --> 00:38:00,760 Naas committee and our agency fastener 1399 00:38:00,760 --> 00:38:02,970 Naas committee and our agency fastener committee came up with doing it this way 1400 00:38:02,970 --> 00:38:02,980 committee came up with doing it this way 1401 00:38:02,980 --> 00:38:06,840 committee came up with doing it this way you put out these AIA it's actually na s 1402 00:38:06,840 --> 00:38:06,850 you put out these AIA it's actually na s 1403 00:38:06,850 --> 00:38:09,570 you put out these AIA it's actually na s specifications that are for metric 1404 00:38:09,570 --> 00:38:09,580 specifications that are for metric 1405 00:38:09,580 --> 00:38:11,010 specifications that are for metric fasteners only and this is a very 1406 00:38:11,010 --> 00:38:11,020 fasteners only and this is a very 1407 00:38:11,020 --> 00:38:13,170 fasteners only and this is a very similar to the m/s or na s sheets that 1408 00:38:13,170 --> 00:38:13,180 similar to the m/s or na s sheets that 1409 00:38:13,180 --> 00:38:15,660 similar to the m/s or na s sheets that you see all the time for the inch stuff 1410 00:38:15,660 --> 00:38:15,670 you see all the time for the inch stuff 1411 00:38:15,670 --> 00:38:18,330 you see all the time for the inch stuff but you actually cover everything on 1412 00:38:18,330 --> 00:38:18,340 but you actually cover everything on 1413 00:38:18,340 --> 00:38:20,160 but you actually cover everything on there the heat treat the material 1414 00:38:20,160 --> 00:38:20,170 there the heat treat the material 1415 00:38:20,170 --> 00:38:24,740 there the heat treat the material everything and all the dimensions 1416 00:38:24,740 --> 00:38:24,750 everything and all the dimensions 1417 00:38:24,750 --> 00:38:26,850 everything and all the dimensions coatings and so on so that you're 1418 00:38:26,850 --> 00:38:26,860 coatings and so on so that you're 1419 00:38:26,860 --> 00:38:29,850 coatings and so on so that you're completely covered and you can also 1420 00:38:29,850 --> 00:38:29,860 completely covered and you can also 1421 00:38:29,860 --> 00:38:32,400 completely covered and you can also order a metric fasteners from ansi 1422 00:38:32,400 --> 00:38:32,410 order a metric fasteners from ansi 1423 00:38:32,410 --> 00:38:38,400 order a metric fasteners from ansi specifications now here's here's that 1424 00:38:38,400 --> 00:38:38,410 specifications now here's here's that 1425 00:38:38,410 --> 00:38:42,810 specifications now here's here's that kind of a weird duck type table here for 1426 00:38:42,810 --> 00:38:42,820 kind of a weird duck type table here for 1427 00:38:42,820 --> 00:38:49,640 kind of a weird duck type table here for the stainless steel metric fasteners and 1428 00:38:49,640 --> 00:38:49,650 the stainless steel metric fasteners and 1429 00:38:49,650 --> 00:38:54,690 the stainless steel metric fasteners and these different classes here the a1 a2 1430 00:38:54,690 --> 00:38:54,700 these different classes here the a1 a2 1431 00:38:54,700 --> 00:39:00,480 these different classes here the a1 a2 a4 and so on and then the 50 70 80 45 60 1432 00:39:00,480 --> 00:39:00,490 a4 and so on and then the 50 70 80 45 60 1433 00:39:00,490 --> 00:39:03,960 a4 and so on and then the 50 70 80 45 60 50 70 80 and so on for some reason or 1434 00:39:03,960 --> 00:39:03,970 50 70 80 and so on for some reason or 1435 00:39:03,970 --> 00:39:07,490 50 70 80 and so on for some reason or other you need to add a zero to those in 1436 00:39:07,490 --> 00:39:07,500 other you need to add a zero to those in 1437 00:39:07,500 --> 00:39:10,320 other you need to add a zero to those in order to get the actual strength of the 1438 00:39:10,320 --> 00:39:10,330 order to get the actual strength of the 1439 00:39:10,330 --> 00:39:13,830 order to get the actual strength of the material they made them a class like 1440 00:39:13,830 --> 00:39:13,840 material they made them a class like 1441 00:39:13,840 --> 00:39:16,560 material they made them a class like that with a that so in other words the 1442 00:39:16,560 --> 00:39:16,570 that with a that so in other words the 1443 00:39:16,570 --> 00:39:20,670 that with a that so in other words the 50 here is a 500 mega Pascal ultimate 1444 00:39:20,670 --> 00:39:20,680 50 here is a 500 mega Pascal ultimate 1445 00:39:20,680 --> 00:39:23,940 50 here is a 500 mega Pascal ultimate strength and so so the only way to 1446 00:39:23,940 --> 00:39:23,950 strength and so so the only way to 1447 00:39:23,950 --> 00:39:27,270 strength and so so the only way to identify them is to put them in a table 1448 00:39:27,270 --> 00:39:27,280 identify them is to put them in a table 1449 00:39:27,280 --> 00:39:28,620 identify them is to put them in a table like that where you can refer back to 1450 00:39:28,620 --> 00:39:28,630 like that where you can refer back to 1451 00:39:28,630 --> 00:39:35,870 like that where you can refer back to them now the next table covers the 1452 00:39:35,870 --> 00:39:35,880 them now the next table covers the 1453 00:39:35,880 --> 00:39:39,090 them now the next table covers the different classes and the type of alloys 1454 00:39:39,090 --> 00:39:39,100 different classes and the type of alloys 1455 00:39:39,100 --> 00:39:41,880 different classes and the type of alloys that are normally used for them the se 1456 00:39:41,880 --> 00:39:41,890 that are normally used for them the se 1457 00:39:41,890 --> 00:39:46,890 that are normally used for them the se here is an S & S II as S is for sulfur 1458 00:39:46,890 --> 00:39:46,900 here is an S & S II as S is for sulfur 1459 00:39:46,900 --> 00:39:50,520 here is an S & S II as S is for sulfur that's an S es for selenium that's 1460 00:39:50,520 --> 00:39:50,530 that's an S es for selenium that's 1461 00:39:50,530 --> 00:39:52,740 that's an S es for selenium that's normally added to the 300 series to make 1462 00:39:52,740 --> 00:39:52,750 normally added to the 300 series to make 1463 00:39:52,750 --> 00:39:57,690 normally added to the 300 series to make it more machinable so presumably on this 1464 00:39:57,690 --> 00:39:57,700 it more machinable so presumably on this 1465 00:39:57,700 --> 00:39:59,910 it more machinable so presumably on this one if you wanted to make your own and 1466 00:39:59,910 --> 00:39:59,920 one if you wanted to make your own and 1467 00:39:59,920 --> 00:40:01,020 one if you wanted to make your own and you wanted to cut them out of stainless 1468 00:40:01,020 --> 00:40:01,030 you wanted to cut them out of stainless 1469 00:40:01,030 --> 00:40:01,470 you wanted to cut them out of stainless steel 1470 00:40:01,470 --> 00:40:01,480 steel 1471 00:40:01,480 --> 00:40:02,560 steel then you 1472 00:40:02,560 --> 00:40:02,570 then you 1473 00:40:02,570 --> 00:40:05,080 then you use those materials here you have the 1474 00:40:05,080 --> 00:40:05,090 use those materials here you have the 1475 00:40:05,090 --> 00:40:09,340 use those materials here you have the 304 L and the 321 and 347 which are the 1476 00:40:09,340 --> 00:40:09,350 304 L and the 321 and 347 which are the 1477 00:40:09,350 --> 00:40:12,820 304 L and the 321 and 347 which are the titanium columbium stabilized and then 1478 00:40:12,820 --> 00:40:12,830 titanium columbium stabilized and then 1479 00:40:12,830 --> 00:40:15,910 titanium columbium stabilized and then here the 400 series which are only 25 12 1480 00:40:15,910 --> 00:40:15,920 here the 400 series which are only 25 12 1481 00:40:15,920 --> 00:40:19,210 here the 400 series which are only 25 12 percent chromium and there's another 1482 00:40:19,210 --> 00:40:19,220 percent chromium and there's another 1483 00:40:19,220 --> 00:40:21,310 percent chromium and there's another table further over here that will show 1484 00:40:21,310 --> 00:40:21,320 table further over here that will show 1485 00:40:21,320 --> 00:40:26,650 table further over here that will show some of that now going to the figure 2 I 1486 00:40:26,650 --> 00:40:26,660 some of that now going to the figure 2 I 1487 00:40:26,660 --> 00:40:30,070 some of that now going to the figure 2 I will not go through all of this stuff 1488 00:40:30,070 --> 00:40:30,080 will not go through all of this stuff 1489 00:40:30,080 --> 00:40:33,550 will not go through all of this stuff but this is from the metals handbook it 1490 00:40:33,550 --> 00:40:33,560 but this is from the metals handbook it 1491 00:40:33,560 --> 00:40:36,900 but this is from the metals handbook it just gives you a good overall view of 1492 00:40:36,900 --> 00:40:36,910 just gives you a good overall view of 1493 00:40:36,910 --> 00:40:41,020 just gives you a good overall view of the 300 series and the things that you 1494 00:40:41,020 --> 00:40:41,030 the 300 series and the things that you 1495 00:40:41,030 --> 00:40:45,940 the 300 series and the things that you do to it to tailor it to your your needs 1496 00:40:45,940 --> 00:40:45,950 do to it to tailor it to your your needs 1497 00:40:45,950 --> 00:40:48,150 do to it to tailor it to your your needs in fact you probably can't read that 1498 00:40:48,150 --> 00:40:48,160 in fact you probably can't read that 1499 00:40:48,160 --> 00:40:51,730 in fact you probably can't read that even here at all so it is in your 1500 00:40:51,730 --> 00:40:51,740 even here at all so it is in your 1501 00:40:51,740 --> 00:40:54,250 even here at all so it is in your handout so you can go through it and you 1502 00:40:54,250 --> 00:40:54,260 handout so you can go through it and you 1503 00:40:54,260 --> 00:40:55,720 handout so you can go through it and you can refer back to it at least when 1504 00:40:55,720 --> 00:40:55,730 can refer back to it at least when 1505 00:40:55,730 --> 00:40:59,530 can refer back to it at least when you're picking a material the figure 3 1506 00:40:59,530 --> 00:40:59,540 you're picking a material the figure 3 1507 00:40:59,540 --> 00:41:03,130 you're picking a material the figure 3 shows the tailoring of the martensitic 1508 00:41:03,130 --> 00:41:03,140 shows the tailoring of the martensitic 1509 00:41:03,140 --> 00:41:10,050 shows the tailoring of the martensitic 400 series and for those of you who 1510 00:41:10,050 --> 00:41:10,060 400 series and for those of you who 1511 00:41:10,060 --> 00:41:14,070 400 series and for those of you who always wonder what you should what your 1512 00:41:14,070 --> 00:41:14,080 always wonder what you should what your 1513 00:41:14,080 --> 00:41:17,200 always wonder what you should what your Scout knife is made out of it's 440 C 1514 00:41:17,200 --> 00:41:17,210 Scout knife is made out of it's 440 C 1515 00:41:17,210 --> 00:41:19,030 Scout knife is made out of it's 440 C which is down there in the corner 1516 00:41:19,030 --> 00:41:19,040 which is down there in the corner 1517 00:41:19,040 --> 00:41:21,700 which is down there in the corner someplace and that's the one that has 1518 00:41:21,700 --> 00:41:21,710 someplace and that's the one that has 1519 00:41:21,710 --> 00:41:24,280 someplace and that's the one that has the highest except in the upper right 1520 00:41:24,280 --> 00:41:24,290 the highest except in the upper right 1521 00:41:24,290 --> 00:41:28,200 the highest except in the upper right hand corner there has the highest carbon 1522 00:41:28,200 --> 00:41:28,210 hand corner there has the highest carbon 1523 00:41:28,210 --> 00:41:32,130 hand corner there has the highest carbon and a lot of chromium so that it will 1524 00:41:32,130 --> 00:41:32,140 and a lot of chromium so that it will 1525 00:41:32,140 --> 00:41:34,630 and a lot of chromium so that it will give you a high strength you can go up 1526 00:41:34,630 --> 00:41:34,640 give you a high strength you can go up 1527 00:41:34,640 --> 00:41:38,260 give you a high strength you can go up to about a Rockwell 55 with it C 55 but 1528 00:41:38,260 --> 00:41:38,270 to about a Rockwell 55 with it C 55 but 1529 00:41:38,270 --> 00:41:40,150 to about a Rockwell 55 with it C 55 but it will Nick a lot more readily it's not 1530 00:41:40,150 --> 00:41:40,160 it will Nick a lot more readily it's not 1531 00:41:40,160 --> 00:41:46,600 it will Nick a lot more readily it's not as ductile s carbon steel figure-four is 1532 00:41:46,600 --> 00:41:46,610 as ductile s carbon steel figure-four is 1533 00:41:46,610 --> 00:41:49,330 as ductile s carbon steel figure-four is once again this is the standard ferritic 1534 00:41:49,330 --> 00:41:49,340 once again this is the standard ferritic 1535 00:41:49,340 --> 00:41:52,290 once again this is the standard ferritic stainless steels of the 430 series and 1536 00:41:52,290 --> 00:41:52,300 stainless steels of the 430 series and 1537 00:41:52,300 --> 00:41:55,210 stainless steels of the 430 series and the different ways of tailoring them so 1538 00:41:55,210 --> 00:41:55,220 the different ways of tailoring them so 1539 00:41:55,220 --> 00:41:59,440 the different ways of tailoring them so I won't go through that then we go into 1540 00:41:59,440 --> 00:41:59,450 I won't go through that then we go into 1541 00:41:59,450 --> 00:42:03,730 I won't go through that then we go into a glossary of terms for materials and 1542 00:42:03,730 --> 00:42:03,740 a glossary of terms for materials and 1543 00:42:03,740 --> 00:42:06,640 a glossary of terms for materials and once again there's there's more here 1544 00:42:06,640 --> 00:42:06,650 once again there's there's more here 1545 00:42:06,650 --> 00:42:09,910 once again there's there's more here than then I will cover in this 1546 00:42:09,910 --> 00:42:09,920 than then I will cover in this 1547 00:42:09,920 --> 00:42:12,310 than then I will cover in this presentation but some of the things I 1548 00:42:12,310 --> 00:42:12,320 presentation but some of the things I 1549 00:42:12,320 --> 00:42:14,440 presentation but some of the things I wanted to call to your attention here 1550 00:42:14,440 --> 00:42:14,450 wanted to call to your attention here 1551 00:42:14,450 --> 00:42:16,180 wanted to call to your attention here about the the 1552 00:42:16,180 --> 00:42:16,190 about the the 1553 00:42:16,190 --> 00:42:20,680 about the the steals that normally we use the 4000 1554 00:42:20,680 --> 00:42:20,690 steals that normally we use the 4000 1555 00:42:20,690 --> 00:42:24,579 steals that normally we use the 4000 series then on aluminum's which a cover 1556 00:42:24,579 --> 00:42:24,589 series then on aluminum's which a cover 1557 00:42:24,589 --> 00:42:28,299 series then on aluminum's which a cover here if you want more information on 1558 00:42:28,299 --> 00:42:28,309 here if you want more information on 1559 00:42:28,309 --> 00:42:31,770 here if you want more information on those you can go to the aluminum 1560 00:42:31,770 --> 00:42:31,780 those you can go to the aluminum 1561 00:42:31,780 --> 00:42:33,819 those you can go to the aluminum handbook which is put out by the 1562 00:42:33,819 --> 00:42:33,829 handbook which is put out by the 1563 00:42:33,829 --> 00:42:36,370 handbook which is put out by the aluminum association and will give you 1564 00:42:36,370 --> 00:42:36,380 aluminum association and will give you 1565 00:42:36,380 --> 00:42:39,880 aluminum association and will give you more information there the if you look 1566 00:42:39,880 --> 00:42:39,890 more information there the if you look 1567 00:42:39,890 --> 00:42:43,529 more information there the if you look in the under aluminum alloy is the 2024 1568 00:42:43,529 --> 00:42:43,539 in the under aluminum alloy is the 2024 1569 00:42:43,539 --> 00:42:46,750 in the under aluminum alloy is the 2024 2000 series is heat treatable the 3000 1570 00:42:46,750 --> 00:42:46,760 2000 series is heat treatable the 3000 1571 00:42:46,760 --> 00:42:52,059 2000 series is heat treatable the 3000 series isn't the 5000 series is not heat 1572 00:42:52,059 --> 00:42:52,069 series isn't the 5000 series is not heat 1573 00:42:52,069 --> 00:42:54,430 series isn't the 5000 series is not heat treatable but some of them are crows 1574 00:42:54,430 --> 00:42:54,440 treatable but some of them are crows 1575 00:42:54,440 --> 00:42:57,130 treatable but some of them are crows corrosion stress corrosion sensitive and 1576 00:42:57,130 --> 00:42:57,140 corrosion stress corrosion sensitive and 1577 00:42:57,140 --> 00:42:59,920 corrosion stress corrosion sensitive and the curse the six and seven thousand are 1578 00:42:59,920 --> 00:42:59,930 the curse the six and seven thousand are 1579 00:42:59,930 --> 00:43:02,140 the curse the six and seven thousand are we use all the time they are heat 1580 00:43:02,140 --> 00:43:02,150 we use all the time they are heat 1581 00:43:02,150 --> 00:43:07,990 we use all the time they are heat treatable the down there the leaded 1582 00:43:07,990 --> 00:43:08,000 treatable the down there the leaded 1583 00:43:08,000 --> 00:43:10,270 treatable the down there the leaded Steel's there are you sometimes I guess 1584 00:43:10,270 --> 00:43:10,280 Steel's there are you sometimes I guess 1585 00:43:10,280 --> 00:43:12,579 Steel's there are you sometimes I guess for making one-of-a-kind types crews 1586 00:43:12,579 --> 00:43:12,589 for making one-of-a-kind types crews 1587 00:43:12,589 --> 00:43:15,160 for making one-of-a-kind types crews they'll add once again is added to steel 1588 00:43:15,160 --> 00:43:15,170 they'll add once again is added to steel 1589 00:43:15,170 --> 00:43:19,000 they'll add once again is added to steel to make it easier to machine okay going 1590 00:43:19,000 --> 00:43:19,010 to make it easier to machine okay going 1591 00:43:19,010 --> 00:43:21,849 to make it easier to machine okay going over to the next one there 1592 00:43:21,849 --> 00:43:21,859 over to the next one there 1593 00:43:21,859 --> 00:43:25,089 over to the next one there the stainless steels once again there's 1594 00:43:25,089 --> 00:43:25,099 the stainless steels once again there's 1595 00:43:25,099 --> 00:43:28,180 the stainless steels once again there's there's also a 200 series stainless 1596 00:43:28,180 --> 00:43:28,190 there's also a 200 series stainless 1597 00:43:28,190 --> 00:43:33,700 there's also a 200 series stainless steel is very similar than 300 and the 1598 00:43:33,700 --> 00:43:33,710 steel is very similar than 300 and the 1599 00:43:33,710 --> 00:43:36,940 steel is very similar than 300 and the other thing we had a problem down at the 1600 00:43:36,940 --> 00:43:36,950 other thing we had a problem down at the 1601 00:43:36,950 --> 00:43:38,500 other thing we had a problem down at the cake one time that they couldn't 1602 00:43:38,500 --> 00:43:38,510 cake one time that they couldn't 1603 00:43:38,510 --> 00:43:41,559 cake one time that they couldn't determine whether they had used 300 or 1604 00:43:41,559 --> 00:43:41,569 determine whether they had used 300 or 1605 00:43:41,569 --> 00:43:44,950 determine whether they had used 300 or 400 series fasteners so the way you 1606 00:43:44,950 --> 00:43:44,960 400 series fasteners so the way you 1607 00:43:44,960 --> 00:43:47,260 400 series fasteners so the way you check is with a magnet 400 series is 1608 00:43:47,260 --> 00:43:47,270 check is with a magnet 400 series is 1609 00:43:47,270 --> 00:43:52,630 check is with a magnet 400 series is magnetic 300 series is not okay moving 1610 00:43:52,630 --> 00:43:52,640 magnetic 300 series is not okay moving 1611 00:43:52,640 --> 00:43:58,109 magnetic 300 series is not okay moving on to the mechanical definitions part 1612 00:43:58,109 --> 00:43:58,119 on to the mechanical definitions part 1613 00:43:58,119 --> 00:44:02,500 on to the mechanical definitions part you get into cold working plain carbon 1614 00:44:02,500 --> 00:44:02,510 you get into cold working plain carbon 1615 00:44:02,510 --> 00:44:07,120 you get into cold working plain carbon Steel's with cold work can you read that 1616 00:44:07,120 --> 00:44:07,130 Steel's with cold work can you read that 1617 00:44:07,130 --> 00:44:12,970 Steel's with cold work can you read that one over there or not the the plain 1618 00:44:12,970 --> 00:44:12,980 one over there or not the the plain 1619 00:44:12,980 --> 00:44:13,900 one over there or not the the plain carbon Steel's 1620 00:44:13,900 --> 00:44:13,910 carbon Steel's 1621 00:44:13,910 --> 00:44:16,660 carbon Steel's you can you can cold work them during 1622 00:44:16,660 --> 00:44:16,670 you can you can cold work them during 1623 00:44:16,670 --> 00:44:18,880 you can you can cold work them during deformation in fact one of the reasons 1624 00:44:18,880 --> 00:44:18,890 deformation in fact one of the reasons 1625 00:44:18,890 --> 00:44:21,039 deformation in fact one of the reasons that they start out with the so cold 1626 00:44:21,039 --> 00:44:21,049 that they start out with the so cold 1627 00:44:21,049 --> 00:44:25,059 that they start out with the so cold wire if you will know where somehow 1628 00:44:25,059 --> 00:44:25,069 wire if you will know where somehow 1629 00:44:25,069 --> 00:44:26,680 wire if you will know where somehow three-quarter inch wire doesn't strike 1630 00:44:26,680 --> 00:44:26,690 three-quarter inch wire doesn't strike 1631 00:44:26,690 --> 00:44:28,359 three-quarter inch wire doesn't strike me as being wire because with the collet 1632 00:44:28,359 --> 00:44:28,369 me as being wire because with the collet 1633 00:44:28,369 --> 00:44:29,140 me as being wire because with the collet in the 1634 00:44:29,140 --> 00:44:29,150 in the 1635 00:44:29,150 --> 00:44:35,249 in the faster plants they run it through and 1636 00:44:35,249 --> 00:44:35,259 faster plants they run it through and 1637 00:44:35,259 --> 00:44:38,319 faster plants they run it through and they but before they run it through they 1638 00:44:38,319 --> 00:44:38,329 they but before they run it through they 1639 00:44:38,329 --> 00:44:39,789 they but before they run it through they run it through an annealing furnace to 1640 00:44:39,789 --> 00:44:39,799 run it through an annealing furnace to 1641 00:44:39,799 --> 00:44:41,650 run it through an annealing furnace to get it to soft as possible before they 1642 00:44:41,650 --> 00:44:41,660 get it to soft as possible before they 1643 00:44:41,660 --> 00:44:42,220 get it to soft as possible before they start 1644 00:44:42,220 --> 00:44:42,230 start 1645 00:44:42,230 --> 00:44:47,380 start and so the fasteners are actually formed 1646 00:44:47,380 --> 00:44:47,390 and so the fasteners are actually formed 1647 00:44:47,390 --> 00:44:50,859 and so the fasteners are actually formed out of this annealed wire and they are 1648 00:44:50,859 --> 00:44:50,869 out of this annealed wire and they are 1649 00:44:50,869 --> 00:44:55,150 out of this annealed wire and they are cold worked during the farming in fact 1650 00:44:55,150 --> 00:44:55,160 cold worked during the farming in fact 1651 00:44:55,160 --> 00:44:59,559 cold worked during the farming in fact we had I was involved in a quick case on 1652 00:44:59,559 --> 00:44:59,569 we had I was involved in a quick case on 1653 00:44:59,569 --> 00:45:03,759 we had I was involved in a quick case on a product liability thing that the the 1654 00:45:03,759 --> 00:45:03,769 a product liability thing that the the 1655 00:45:03,769 --> 00:45:07,329 a product liability thing that the the nut was actually harder than the bolt in 1656 00:45:07,329 --> 00:45:07,339 nut was actually harder than the bolt in 1657 00:45:07,339 --> 00:45:09,759 nut was actually harder than the bolt in this case because the nut had been cold 1658 00:45:09,759 --> 00:45:09,769 this case because the nut had been cold 1659 00:45:09,769 --> 00:45:11,980 this case because the nut had been cold worked more than the boat and it 1660 00:45:11,980 --> 00:45:11,990 worked more than the boat and it 1661 00:45:11,990 --> 00:45:15,099 worked more than the boat and it stripped the threads off the Pope had 1662 00:45:15,099 --> 00:45:15,109 stripped the threads off the Pope had 1663 00:45:15,109 --> 00:45:17,079 stripped the threads off the Pope had caused a chair to fail and a guy got 1664 00:45:17,079 --> 00:45:17,089 caused a chair to fail and a guy got 1665 00:45:17,089 --> 00:45:20,620 caused a chair to fail and a guy got hurt so just wanted to point those out 1666 00:45:20,620 --> 00:45:20,630 hurt so just wanted to point those out 1667 00:45:20,630 --> 00:45:26,230 hurt so just wanted to point those out to you now going on over to this next 1668 00:45:26,230 --> 00:45:26,240 to you now going on over to this next 1669 00:45:26,240 --> 00:45:28,720 to you now going on over to this next glossary of terms on the process 1670 00:45:28,720 --> 00:45:28,730 glossary of terms on the process 1671 00:45:28,730 --> 00:45:32,980 glossary of terms on the process definitions on one of the things I 1672 00:45:32,980 --> 00:45:32,990 definitions on one of the things I 1673 00:45:32,990 --> 00:45:34,839 definitions on one of the things I wanted to point out there killed steel 1674 00:45:34,839 --> 00:45:34,849 wanted to point out there killed steel 1675 00:45:34,849 --> 00:45:37,660 wanted to point out there killed steel is something that is defined here which 1676 00:45:37,660 --> 00:45:37,670 is something that is defined here which 1677 00:45:37,670 --> 00:45:39,130 is something that is defined here which normally you don't don't find and that 1678 00:45:39,130 --> 00:45:39,140 normally you don't don't find and that 1679 00:45:39,140 --> 00:45:41,170 normally you don't don't find and that is important because it it makes the 1680 00:45:41,170 --> 00:45:41,180 is important because it it makes the 1681 00:45:41,180 --> 00:45:43,029 is important because it it makes the steel chemically stable so that you 1682 00:45:43,029 --> 00:45:43,039 steel chemically stable so that you 1683 00:45:43,039 --> 00:45:45,960 steel chemically stable so that you won't get into troubles on it and I 1684 00:45:45,960 --> 00:45:45,970 won't get into troubles on it and I 1685 00:45:45,970 --> 00:45:48,700 won't get into troubles on it and I always point out defects that have 1686 00:45:48,700 --> 00:45:48,710 always point out defects that have 1687 00:45:48,710 --> 00:45:51,099 always point out defects that have happened along the line and one of the 1688 00:45:51,099 --> 00:45:51,109 happened along the line and one of the 1689 00:45:51,109 --> 00:45:54,009 happened along the line and one of the things you remember the cars I believe 1690 00:45:54,009 --> 00:45:54,019 things you remember the cars I believe 1691 00:45:54,019 --> 00:45:56,079 things you remember the cars I believe it was the Fords and Lincoln's that had 1692 00:45:56,079 --> 00:45:56,089 it was the Fords and Lincoln's that had 1693 00:45:56,089 --> 00:45:59,769 it was the Fords and Lincoln's that had the bumper beam that disintegrated on 1694 00:45:59,769 --> 00:45:59,779 the bumper beam that disintegrated on 1695 00:45:59,779 --> 00:46:02,079 the bumper beam that disintegrated on them that was because the steel was not 1696 00:46:02,079 --> 00:46:02,089 them that was because the steel was not 1697 00:46:02,089 --> 00:46:04,210 them that was because the steel was not killed killed properly as I understand 1698 00:46:04,210 --> 00:46:04,220 killed killed properly as I understand 1699 00:46:04,220 --> 00:46:07,989 killed killed properly as I understand it and so you can get disastrous effects 1700 00:46:07,989 --> 00:46:07,999 it and so you can get disastrous effects 1701 00:46:07,999 --> 00:46:11,319 it and so you can get disastrous effects from it the pickling is also the removal 1702 00:46:11,319 --> 00:46:11,329 from it the pickling is also the removal 1703 00:46:11,329 --> 00:46:14,620 from it the pickling is also the removal of oxide scale by dipping a steel in a 1704 00:46:14,620 --> 00:46:14,630 of oxide scale by dipping a steel in a 1705 00:46:14,630 --> 00:46:17,470 of oxide scale by dipping a steel in a bath and these are important to have to 1706 00:46:17,470 --> 00:46:17,480 bath and these are important to have to 1707 00:46:17,480 --> 00:46:22,900 bath and these are important to have to prevent corrosion on the material during 1708 00:46:22,900 --> 00:46:22,910 prevent corrosion on the material during 1709 00:46:22,910 --> 00:46:24,880 prevent corrosion on the material during the manufacturing process whether it be 1710 00:46:24,880 --> 00:46:24,890 the manufacturing process whether it be 1711 00:46:24,890 --> 00:46:31,019 the manufacturing process whether it be fasteners or or general Hardware now the 1712 00:46:31,019 --> 00:46:31,029 fasteners or or general Hardware now the 1713 00:46:31,029 --> 00:46:32,470 fasteners or or general Hardware now the carburizing 1714 00:46:32,470 --> 00:46:32,480 carburizing 1715 00:46:32,480 --> 00:46:35,529 carburizing covered so will will not go night 1716 00:46:35,529 --> 00:46:35,539 covered so will will not go night 1717 00:46:35,539 --> 00:46:40,630 covered so will will not go night trading and and case hardening actually 1718 00:46:40,630 --> 00:46:40,640 trading and and case hardening actually 1719 00:46:40,640 --> 00:46:42,910 trading and and case hardening actually in cases like that it's where 1720 00:46:42,910 --> 00:46:42,920 in cases like that it's where 1721 00:46:42,920 --> 00:46:45,039 in cases like that it's where you have a material that you want it to 1722 00:46:45,039 --> 00:46:45,049 you have a material that you want it to 1723 00:46:45,049 --> 00:46:46,839 you have a material that you want it to remain ductile because it's some sort of 1724 00:46:46,839 --> 00:46:46,849 remain ductile because it's some sort of 1725 00:46:46,849 --> 00:46:49,539 remain ductile because it's some sort of an impact type thing and so you 1726 00:46:49,539 --> 00:46:49,549 an impact type thing and so you 1727 00:46:49,549 --> 00:46:51,730 an impact type thing and so you case-hardened the surface of it by put 1728 00:46:51,730 --> 00:46:51,740 case-hardened the surface of it by put 1729 00:46:51,740 --> 00:46:54,430 case-hardened the surface of it by put it putting enough carbon on it that you 1730 00:46:54,430 --> 00:46:54,440 it putting enough carbon on it that you 1731 00:46:54,440 --> 00:46:56,410 it putting enough carbon on it that you can harden the surface just to get it 1732 00:46:56,410 --> 00:46:56,420 can harden the surface just to get it 1733 00:46:56,420 --> 00:47:06,490 can harden the surface just to get it slightly hard okay now moving to 1734 00:47:06,490 --> 00:47:06,500 slightly hard okay now moving to 1735 00:47:06,500 --> 00:47:12,280 slightly hard okay now moving to platings and coatings nearly all 1736 00:47:12,280 --> 00:47:12,290 platings and coatings nearly all 1737 00:47:12,290 --> 00:47:15,400 platings and coatings nearly all commercial fasteners are made of sensors 1738 00:47:15,400 --> 00:47:15,410 commercial fasteners are made of sensors 1739 00:47:15,410 --> 00:47:17,500 commercial fasteners are made of sensors made of plain carbon or alloy carbon 1740 00:47:17,500 --> 00:47:17,510 made of plain carbon or alloy carbon 1741 00:47:17,510 --> 00:47:19,990 made of plain carbon or alloy carbon steel you need some sort of a protection 1742 00:47:19,990 --> 00:47:20,000 steel you need some sort of a protection 1743 00:47:20,000 --> 00:47:23,319 steel you need some sort of a protection on them to keep them from rusting so you 1744 00:47:23,319 --> 00:47:23,329 on them to keep them from rusting so you 1745 00:47:23,329 --> 00:47:28,120 on them to keep them from rusting so you can go from puting good old 10w30 oil on 1746 00:47:28,120 --> 00:47:28,130 can go from puting good old 10w30 oil on 1747 00:47:28,130 --> 00:47:30,520 can go from puting good old 10w30 oil on them down all the way to gold plating 1748 00:47:30,520 --> 00:47:30,530 them down all the way to gold plating 1749 00:47:30,530 --> 00:47:32,500 them down all the way to gold plating now gold plating is not used on 1750 00:47:32,500 --> 00:47:32,510 now gold plating is not used on 1751 00:47:32,510 --> 00:47:35,460 now gold plating is not used on fasteners usually but other than pins on 1752 00:47:35,460 --> 00:47:35,470 fasteners usually but other than pins on 1753 00:47:35,470 --> 00:47:37,809 fasteners usually but other than pins on tubes or something like that in the 1754 00:47:37,809 --> 00:47:37,819 tubes or something like that in the 1755 00:47:37,819 --> 00:47:40,000 tubes or something like that in the electrical field electrical contacts and 1756 00:47:40,000 --> 00:47:40,010 electrical field electrical contacts and 1757 00:47:40,010 --> 00:47:41,829 electrical field electrical contacts and so on but if something is small enough 1758 00:47:41,829 --> 00:47:41,839 so on but if something is small enough 1759 00:47:41,839 --> 00:47:43,660 so on but if something is small enough gold plating does not become that 1760 00:47:43,660 --> 00:47:43,670 gold plating does not become that 1761 00:47:43,670 --> 00:47:49,690 gold plating does not become that expensive to coat it but usually we go 1762 00:47:49,690 --> 00:47:49,700 expensive to coat it but usually we go 1763 00:47:49,700 --> 00:47:52,420 expensive to coat it but usually we go with something that is less expensive so 1764 00:47:52,420 --> 00:47:52,430 with something that is less expensive so 1765 00:47:52,430 --> 00:47:55,210 with something that is less expensive so but what you're looking for is a coating 1766 00:47:55,210 --> 00:47:55,220 but what you're looking for is a coating 1767 00:47:55,220 --> 00:47:57,309 but what you're looking for is a coating that will give you the protection at the 1768 00:47:57,309 --> 00:47:57,319 that will give you the protection at the 1769 00:47:57,319 --> 00:48:00,490 that will give you the protection at the lowest cost so the other thing is with 1770 00:48:00,490 --> 00:48:00,500 lowest cost so the other thing is with 1771 00:48:00,500 --> 00:48:03,640 lowest cost so the other thing is with fasteners you got to have a thin coating 1772 00:48:03,640 --> 00:48:03,650 fasteners you got to have a thin coating 1773 00:48:03,650 --> 00:48:08,859 fasteners you got to have a thin coating because the fastener threads have to be 1774 00:48:08,859 --> 00:48:08,869 because the fastener threads have to be 1775 00:48:08,869 --> 00:48:11,620 because the fastener threads have to be within tolerance after the coating which 1776 00:48:11,620 --> 00:48:11,630 within tolerance after the coating which 1777 00:48:11,630 --> 00:48:15,609 within tolerance after the coating which is important now I know that if you get 1778 00:48:15,609 --> 00:48:15,619 is important now I know that if you get 1779 00:48:15,619 --> 00:48:17,470 is important now I know that if you get nails or something like that 1780 00:48:17,470 --> 00:48:17,480 nails or something like that 1781 00:48:17,480 --> 00:48:20,859 nails or something like that Ron Roman Chuck drives nails all the 1782 00:48:20,859 --> 00:48:20,869 Ron Roman Chuck drives nails all the 1783 00:48:20,869 --> 00:48:23,260 Ron Roman Chuck drives nails all the time they've been galvanized and that's 1784 00:48:23,260 --> 00:48:23,270 time they've been galvanized and that's 1785 00:48:23,270 --> 00:48:25,180 time they've been galvanized and that's a dipping process but it's not used on 1786 00:48:25,180 --> 00:48:25,190 a dipping process but it's not used on 1787 00:48:25,190 --> 00:48:28,030 a dipping process but it's not used on normally on threaded fasteners now on on 1788 00:48:28,030 --> 00:48:28,040 normally on threaded fasteners now on on 1789 00:48:28,040 --> 00:48:33,150 normally on threaded fasteners now on on temperature limitations the coating is 1790 00:48:33,150 --> 00:48:33,160 temperature limitations the coating is 1791 00:48:33,160 --> 00:48:37,359 temperature limitations the coating is more likely to set the temperature limit 1792 00:48:37,359 --> 00:48:37,369 more likely to set the temperature limit 1793 00:48:37,369 --> 00:48:41,770 more likely to set the temperature limit in the fastener material itself and some 1794 00:48:41,770 --> 00:48:41,780 in the fastener material itself and some 1795 00:48:41,780 --> 00:48:44,680 in the fastener material itself and some coatings can be a disaster when they 1796 00:48:44,680 --> 00:48:44,690 coatings can be a disaster when they 1797 00:48:44,690 --> 00:48:46,809 coatings can be a disaster when they decompose like cadmium you get hydrogen 1798 00:48:46,809 --> 00:48:46,819 decompose like cadmium you get hydrogen 1799 00:48:46,819 --> 00:48:49,990 decompose like cadmium you get hydrogen embrittlement from a decomposition of 1800 00:48:49,990 --> 00:48:50,000 embrittlement from a decomposition of 1801 00:48:50,000 --> 00:48:52,990 embrittlement from a decomposition of cadmium and others like the good old 1802 00:48:52,990 --> 00:48:53,000 cadmium and others like the good old 1803 00:48:53,000 --> 00:48:55,359 cadmium and others like the good old familiar black oxide baked off without 1804 00:48:55,359 --> 00:48:55,369 familiar black oxide baked off without 1805 00:48:55,369 --> 00:48:59,020 familiar black oxide baked off without doing any harm 1806 00:48:59,020 --> 00:48:59,030 1807 00:48:59,030 --> 00:49:04,190 now cadmium plating is although people 1808 00:49:04,190 --> 00:49:04,200 now cadmium plating is although people 1809 00:49:04,200 --> 00:49:08,660 now cadmium plating is although people say that it is going away because of 1810 00:49:08,660 --> 00:49:08,670 say that it is going away because of 1811 00:49:08,670 --> 00:49:12,410 say that it is going away because of environmental problems that's really not 1812 00:49:12,410 --> 00:49:12,420 environmental problems that's really not 1813 00:49:12,420 --> 00:49:16,160 environmental problems that's really not true in fact when I talk to a guy at 1814 00:49:16,160 --> 00:49:16,170 true in fact when I talk to a guy at 1815 00:49:16,170 --> 00:49:19,670 true in fact when I talk to a guy at Boeing about their development of 1816 00:49:19,670 --> 00:49:19,680 Boeing about their development of 1817 00:49:19,680 --> 00:49:22,580 Boeing about their development of replacements for cadmium he said as far 1818 00:49:22,580 --> 00:49:22,590 replacements for cadmium he said as far 1819 00:49:22,590 --> 00:49:23,930 replacements for cadmium he said as far as we're concerned there isn't a 1820 00:49:23,930 --> 00:49:23,940 as we're concerned there isn't a 1821 00:49:23,940 --> 00:49:25,400 as we're concerned there isn't a replacement for cadmium we're going to 1822 00:49:25,400 --> 00:49:25,410 replacement for cadmium we're going to 1823 00:49:25,410 --> 00:49:28,040 replacement for cadmium we're going to go ahead using it so it's just the idea 1824 00:49:28,040 --> 00:49:28,050 go ahead using it so it's just the idea 1825 00:49:28,050 --> 00:49:32,630 go ahead using it so it's just the idea that you have to control the process in 1826 00:49:32,630 --> 00:49:32,640 that you have to control the process in 1827 00:49:32,640 --> 00:49:36,800 that you have to control the process in order to keep a PA off your back but it 1828 00:49:36,800 --> 00:49:36,810 order to keep a PA off your back but it 1829 00:49:36,810 --> 00:49:42,500 order to keep a PA off your back but it can used for electro depositing alloy 1830 00:49:42,500 --> 00:49:42,510 can used for electro depositing alloy 1831 00:49:42,510 --> 00:49:46,640 can used for electro depositing alloy steel up to 190 ksi if you get above 190 1832 00:49:46,640 --> 00:49:46,650 steel up to 190 ksi if you get above 190 1833 00:49:46,650 --> 00:49:49,760 steel up to 190 ksi if you get above 190 ksi then you can't prevent hydrogen 1834 00:49:49,760 --> 00:49:49,770 ksi then you can't prevent hydrogen 1835 00:49:49,770 --> 00:49:51,590 ksi then you can't prevent hydrogen embrittlement and you have to go to a 1836 00:49:51,590 --> 00:49:51,600 embrittlement and you have to go to a 1837 00:49:51,600 --> 00:49:53,480 embrittlement and you have to go to a vacuum deposit which runs the cost way 1838 00:49:53,480 --> 00:49:53,490 vacuum deposit which runs the cost way 1839 00:49:53,490 --> 00:49:55,880 vacuum deposit which runs the cost way up now here's something that is 1840 00:49:55,880 --> 00:49:55,890 up now here's something that is 1841 00:49:55,890 --> 00:50:00,170 up now here's something that is overlooked a lot and causes lots of 1842 00:50:00,170 --> 00:50:00,180 overlooked a lot and causes lots of 1843 00:50:00,180 --> 00:50:03,190 overlooked a lot and causes lots of problems when parts are cadmium plated 1844 00:50:03,190 --> 00:50:03,200 problems when parts are cadmium plated 1845 00:50:03,200 --> 00:50:06,560 problems when parts are cadmium plated they have to be baked within two hours 1846 00:50:06,560 --> 00:50:06,570 they have to be baked within two hours 1847 00:50:06,570 --> 00:50:09,290 they have to be baked within two hours after plating and this the reason I said 1848 00:50:09,290 --> 00:50:09,300 after plating and this the reason I said 1849 00:50:09,300 --> 00:50:11,210 after plating and this the reason I said eight to twenty three hours it depends 1850 00:50:11,210 --> 00:50:11,220 eight to twenty three hours it depends 1851 00:50:11,220 --> 00:50:14,030 eight to twenty three hours it depends on who's baking them or if any baking is 1852 00:50:14,030 --> 00:50:14,040 on who's baking them or if any baking is 1853 00:50:14,040 --> 00:50:16,430 on who's baking them or if any baking is done because some I have heard of cases 1854 00:50:16,430 --> 00:50:16,440 done because some I have heard of cases 1855 00:50:16,440 --> 00:50:19,130 done because some I have heard of cases in which no baking had always done to 1856 00:50:19,130 --> 00:50:19,140 in which no baking had always done to 1857 00:50:19,140 --> 00:50:22,330 in which no baking had always done to bake the hydrogen out whenever you do a 1858 00:50:22,330 --> 00:50:22,340 bake the hydrogen out whenever you do a 1859 00:50:22,340 --> 00:50:25,070 bake the hydrogen out whenever you do a electroplating process it's done in a 1860 00:50:25,070 --> 00:50:25,080 electroplating process it's done in a 1861 00:50:25,080 --> 00:50:29,330 electroplating process it's done in a some sort of an aqueous environment so 1862 00:50:29,330 --> 00:50:29,340 some sort of an aqueous environment so 1863 00:50:29,340 --> 00:50:31,700 some sort of an aqueous environment so as you know from charging your battery 1864 00:50:31,700 --> 00:50:31,710 as you know from charging your battery 1865 00:50:31,710 --> 00:50:35,270 as you know from charging your battery you get free hydrogen whenever you put 1866 00:50:35,270 --> 00:50:35,280 you get free hydrogen whenever you put 1867 00:50:35,280 --> 00:50:39,170 you get free hydrogen whenever you put electrodes in water so you have free 1868 00:50:39,170 --> 00:50:39,180 electrodes in water so you have free 1869 00:50:39,180 --> 00:50:42,650 electrodes in water so you have free hydrogen ions and of course hydrogen can 1870 00:50:42,650 --> 00:50:42,660 hydrogen ions and of course hydrogen can 1871 00:50:42,660 --> 00:50:46,070 hydrogen ions and of course hydrogen can go where anything else can't go so you 1872 00:50:46,070 --> 00:50:46,080 go where anything else can't go so you 1873 00:50:46,080 --> 00:50:49,280 go where anything else can't go so you get hydrogen given off during the 1874 00:50:49,280 --> 00:50:49,290 get hydrogen given off during the 1875 00:50:49,290 --> 00:50:51,680 get hydrogen given off during the process so unless you bake the material 1876 00:50:51,680 --> 00:50:51,690 process so unless you bake the material 1877 00:50:51,690 --> 00:50:53,600 process so unless you bake the material right after it you're in trouble now 1878 00:50:53,600 --> 00:50:53,610 right after it you're in trouble now 1879 00:50:53,610 --> 00:50:56,900 right after it you're in trouble now cadmium melts at 610 degrees so it's 1880 00:50:56,900 --> 00:50:56,910 cadmium melts at 610 degrees so it's 1881 00:50:56,910 --> 00:51:02,290 cadmium melts at 610 degrees so it's service temperature is limited to 450 1882 00:51:02,290 --> 00:51:02,300 1883 00:51:02,300 --> 00:51:05,470 now the advantages of cadmium it's good 1884 00:51:05,470 --> 00:51:05,480 now the advantages of cadmium it's good 1885 00:51:05,480 --> 00:51:07,750 now the advantages of cadmium it's good salt spray resistance so it's very good 1886 00:51:07,750 --> 00:51:07,760 salt spray resistance so it's very good 1887 00:51:07,760 --> 00:51:11,500 salt spray resistance so it's very good and marine environment for airplanes 1888 00:51:11,500 --> 00:51:11,510 and marine environment for airplanes 1889 00:51:11,510 --> 00:51:13,630 and marine environment for airplanes where they're exposed to salt all the 1890 00:51:13,630 --> 00:51:13,640 where they're exposed to salt all the 1891 00:51:13,640 --> 00:51:15,700 where they're exposed to salt all the time in the wintertime it's consistent 1892 00:51:15,700 --> 00:51:15,710 time in the wintertime it's consistent 1893 00:51:15,710 --> 00:51:18,700 time in the wintertime it's consistent on the torque friction properties it has 1894 00:51:18,700 --> 00:51:18,710 on the torque friction properties it has 1895 00:51:18,710 --> 00:51:21,700 on the torque friction properties it has a good Taliban ik corrosion location and 1896 00:51:21,700 --> 00:51:21,710 a good Taliban ik corrosion location and 1897 00:51:21,710 --> 00:51:24,160 a good Taliban ik corrosion location and it doesn't decrease the base material 1898 00:51:24,160 --> 00:51:24,170 it doesn't decrease the base material 1899 00:51:24,170 --> 00:51:27,580 it doesn't decrease the base material fatigue strength but the disadvantage is 1900 00:51:27,580 --> 00:51:27,590 fatigue strength but the disadvantage is 1901 00:51:27,590 --> 00:51:30,190 fatigue strength but the disadvantage is it generates cyanide during the plating 1902 00:51:30,190 --> 00:51:30,200 it generates cyanide during the plating 1903 00:51:30,200 --> 00:51:32,740 it generates cyanide during the plating process which is nasty stuff that the 1904 00:51:32,740 --> 00:51:32,750 process which is nasty stuff that the 1905 00:51:32,750 --> 00:51:36,010 process which is nasty stuff that the EPA watches very closely and of course I 1906 00:51:36,010 --> 00:51:36,020 EPA watches very closely and of course I 1907 00:51:36,020 --> 00:51:39,880 EPA watches very closely and of course I mentioned the plating and baking has to 1908 00:51:39,880 --> 00:51:39,890 mentioned the plating and baking has to 1909 00:51:39,890 --> 00:51:42,130 mentioned the plating and baking has to be closely controlled and void hydrogen 1910 00:51:42,130 --> 00:51:42,140 be closely controlled and void hydrogen 1911 00:51:42,140 --> 00:51:44,740 be closely controlled and void hydrogen embrittlement and it causes 1912 00:51:44,740 --> 00:51:44,750 embrittlement and it causes 1913 00:51:44,750 --> 00:51:47,260 embrittlement and it causes embrittlement of titanium it's very 1914 00:51:47,260 --> 00:51:47,270 embrittlement of titanium it's very 1915 00:51:47,270 --> 00:51:49,600 embrittlement of titanium it's very expensive and it has to be vacuum 1916 00:51:49,600 --> 00:51:49,610 expensive and it has to be vacuum 1917 00:51:49,610 --> 00:51:51,550 expensive and it has to be vacuum deposited on high-strength parts to 1918 00:51:51,550 --> 00:51:51,560 deposited on high-strength parts to 1919 00:51:51,560 --> 00:51:55,630 deposited on high-strength parts to avoid hydrogen embrittlement so but one 1920 00:51:55,630 --> 00:51:55,640 avoid hydrogen embrittlement so but one 1921 00:51:55,640 --> 00:51:57,700 avoid hydrogen embrittlement so but one of the other advantages of it that I 1922 00:51:57,700 --> 00:51:57,710 of the other advantages of it that I 1923 00:51:57,710 --> 00:52:00,330 of the other advantages of it that I didn't list there it does not support 1924 00:52:00,330 --> 00:52:00,340 didn't list there it does not support 1925 00:52:00,340 --> 00:52:03,760 didn't list there it does not support fungus growth whereas a lot of platings 1926 00:52:03,760 --> 00:52:03,770 fungus growth whereas a lot of platings 1927 00:52:03,770 --> 00:52:09,250 fungus growth whereas a lot of platings will since cadmium is kind of a toxic 1928 00:52:09,250 --> 00:52:09,260 will since cadmium is kind of a toxic 1929 00:52:09,260 --> 00:52:12,070 will since cadmium is kind of a toxic type thing your moles and stuff like 1930 00:52:12,070 --> 00:52:12,080 type thing your moles and stuff like 1931 00:52:12,080 --> 00:52:13,780 type thing your moles and stuff like that in a marine environment can't grill 1932 00:52:13,780 --> 00:52:13,790 that in a marine environment can't grill 1933 00:52:13,790 --> 00:52:18,400 that in a marine environment can't grill on it now zinc plating zinc is very 1934 00:52:18,400 --> 00:52:18,410 on it now zinc plating zinc is very 1935 00:52:18,410 --> 00:52:19,300 on it now zinc plating zinc is very common 1936 00:52:19,300 --> 00:52:19,310 common 1937 00:52:19,310 --> 00:52:22,300 common most of the fasteners that you buy that 1938 00:52:22,300 --> 00:52:22,310 most of the fasteners that you buy that 1939 00:52:22,310 --> 00:52:25,270 most of the fasteners that you buy that are plated or probably zinc plated and 1940 00:52:25,270 --> 00:52:25,280 are plated or probably zinc plated and 1941 00:52:25,280 --> 00:52:28,450 are plated or probably zinc plated and of course hot dip zinc plating is called 1942 00:52:28,450 --> 00:52:28,460 of course hot dip zinc plating is called 1943 00:52:28,460 --> 00:52:31,990 of course hot dip zinc plating is called galvanizing you get roofing nails that 1944 00:52:31,990 --> 00:52:32,000 galvanizing you get roofing nails that 1945 00:52:32,000 --> 00:52:37,420 galvanizing you get roofing nails that type of thing our galvanized the roof 1946 00:52:37,420 --> 00:52:37,430 type of thing our galvanized the roof 1947 00:52:37,430 --> 00:52:39,520 type of thing our galvanized the roof that corrugated roof and so on is 1948 00:52:39,520 --> 00:52:39,530 that corrugated roof and so on is 1949 00:52:39,530 --> 00:52:41,890 that corrugated roof and so on is galvanized now the zinc plating doesn't 1950 00:52:41,890 --> 00:52:41,900 galvanized now the zinc plating doesn't 1951 00:52:41,900 --> 00:52:43,630 galvanized now the zinc plating doesn't generate the toxic byproducts the 1952 00:52:43,630 --> 00:52:43,640 generate the toxic byproducts the 1953 00:52:43,640 --> 00:52:46,000 generate the toxic byproducts the cadmium generates there's a lot cheaper 1954 00:52:46,000 --> 00:52:46,010 cadmium generates there's a lot cheaper 1955 00:52:46,010 --> 00:52:49,300 cadmium generates there's a lot cheaper than cadmium but it will heal itself 1956 00:52:49,300 --> 00:52:49,310 than cadmium but it will heal itself 1957 00:52:49,310 --> 00:52:51,910 than cadmium but it will heal itself over by migrating over scratch there is 1958 00:52:51,910 --> 00:52:51,920 over by migrating over scratch there is 1959 00:52:51,920 --> 00:52:55,720 over by migrating over scratch there is if you scratch an area in fact down at 1960 00:52:55,720 --> 00:52:55,730 if you scratch an area in fact down at 1961 00:52:55,730 --> 00:52:58,180 if you scratch an area in fact down at the keep they did a study on how far a 1962 00:52:58,180 --> 00:52:58,190 the keep they did a study on how far a 1963 00:52:58,190 --> 00:53:02,500 the keep they did a study on how far a zinc would migrate and it would go over 1964 00:53:02,500 --> 00:53:02,510 zinc would migrate and it would go over 1965 00:53:02,510 --> 00:53:05,770 zinc would migrate and it would go over a scratch about an eighth of inch wide 1966 00:53:05,770 --> 00:53:05,780 a scratch about an eighth of inch wide 1967 00:53:05,780 --> 00:53:09,490 a scratch about an eighth of inch wide and go back and and heal it will kind of 1968 00:53:09,490 --> 00:53:09,500 and go back and and heal it will kind of 1969 00:53:09,500 --> 00:53:12,760 and go back and and heal it will kind of heal itself desert extent and it has a 1970 00:53:12,760 --> 00:53:12,770 heal itself desert extent and it has a 1971 00:53:12,770 --> 00:53:16,059 heal itself desert extent and it has a good galvanic location 1972 00:53:16,059 --> 00:53:16,069 good galvanic location 1973 00:53:16,069 --> 00:53:18,579 good galvanic location but it's not as good as cadmium for 1974 00:53:18,579 --> 00:53:18,589 but it's not as good as cadmium for 1975 00:53:18,589 --> 00:53:20,589 but it's not as good as cadmium for corrosion resistance and the Turk 1976 00:53:20,589 --> 00:53:20,599 corrosion resistance and the Turk 1977 00:53:20,599 --> 00:53:22,449 corrosion resistance and the Turk tension friction characteristics in 1978 00:53:22,449 --> 00:53:22,459 tension friction characteristics in 1979 00:53:22,459 --> 00:53:23,620 tension friction characteristics in other words when you're talking up a 1980 00:53:23,620 --> 00:53:23,630 other words when you're talking up a 1981 00:53:23,630 --> 00:53:26,439 other words when you're talking up a fastener you can get such a variation in 1982 00:53:26,439 --> 00:53:26,449 fastener you can get such a variation in 1983 00:53:26,449 --> 00:53:28,449 fastener you can get such a variation in the coefficient of friction that you can 1984 00:53:28,449 --> 00:53:28,459 the coefficient of friction that you can 1985 00:53:28,459 --> 00:53:31,989 the coefficient of friction that you can get in real trouble on knowing what load 1986 00:53:31,989 --> 00:53:31,999 get in real trouble on knowing what load 1987 00:53:31,999 --> 00:53:35,769 get in real trouble on knowing what load you're putting on it and but it can 1988 00:53:35,769 --> 00:53:35,779 you're putting on it and but it can 1989 00:53:35,779 --> 00:53:37,660 you're putting on it and but it can adhere here's one of the other bad 1990 00:53:37,660 --> 00:53:37,670 adhere here's one of the other bad 1991 00:53:37,670 --> 00:53:39,279 adhere here's one of the other bad things about it it has a useful 1992 00:53:39,279 --> 00:53:39,289 things about it it has a useful 1993 00:53:39,289 --> 00:53:41,380 things about it it has a useful temperature limit of only about 250 1994 00:53:41,380 --> 00:53:41,390 temperature limit of only about 250 1995 00:53:41,390 --> 00:53:43,439 temperature limit of only about 250 degrees so you can't use it at all or 1996 00:53:43,439 --> 00:53:43,449 degrees so you can't use it at all or 1997 00:53:43,449 --> 00:53:46,839 degrees so you can't use it at all or your have elevated temperatures and it 1998 00:53:46,839 --> 00:53:46,849 your have elevated temperatures and it 1999 00:53:46,849 --> 00:53:48,099 your have elevated temperatures and it can cause hydrogen embrittlement 2000 00:53:48,099 --> 00:53:48,109 can cause hydrogen embrittlement 2001 00:53:48,109 --> 00:53:50,229 can cause hydrogen embrittlement although it's not a serious a problem as 2002 00:53:50,229 --> 00:53:50,239 although it's not a serious a problem as 2003 00:53:50,239 --> 00:53:53,469 although it's not a serious a problem as it is with the cadmium now the phosphate 2004 00:53:53,469 --> 00:53:53,479 it is with the cadmium now the phosphate 2005 00:53:53,479 --> 00:53:55,089 it is with the cadmium now the phosphate coatings this is used a lot in the 2006 00:53:55,089 --> 00:53:55,099 coatings this is used a lot in the 2007 00:53:55,099 --> 00:53:56,799 coatings this is used a lot in the automotive business because it's cheap 2008 00:53:56,799 --> 00:53:56,809 automotive business because it's cheap 2009 00:53:56,809 --> 00:54:02,049 automotive business because it's cheap you throw a a cup of phosphate in a 2010 00:54:02,049 --> 00:54:02,059 you throw a a cup of phosphate in a 2011 00:54:02,059 --> 00:54:03,789 you throw a a cup of phosphate in a barrel and put a bunch of fasteners in 2012 00:54:03,789 --> 00:54:03,799 barrel and put a bunch of fasteners in 2013 00:54:03,799 --> 00:54:06,430 barrel and put a bunch of fasteners in and shake them a few times and you have 2014 00:54:06,430 --> 00:54:06,440 and shake them a few times and you have 2015 00:54:06,440 --> 00:54:08,949 and shake them a few times and you have phosphate coated passengers more or less 2016 00:54:08,949 --> 00:54:08,959 phosphate coated passengers more or less 2017 00:54:08,959 --> 00:54:17,229 phosphate coated passengers more or less and so the mildly protective layer of 2018 00:54:17,229 --> 00:54:17,239 and so the mildly protective layer of 2019 00:54:17,239 --> 00:54:20,939 and so the mildly protective layer of phosphate is formed on the surface and 2020 00:54:20,939 --> 00:54:20,949 phosphate is formed on the surface and 2021 00:54:20,949 --> 00:54:23,439 phosphate is formed on the surface and there's three different ones or zinc 2022 00:54:23,439 --> 00:54:23,449 there's three different ones or zinc 2023 00:54:23,449 --> 00:54:26,559 there's three different ones or zinc iron and manganese and the ones usually 2024 00:54:26,559 --> 00:54:26,569 iron and manganese and the ones usually 2025 00:54:26,569 --> 00:54:28,150 iron and manganese and the ones usually used for fasteners is the zinc or 2026 00:54:28,150 --> 00:54:28,160 used for fasteners is the zinc or 2027 00:54:28,160 --> 00:54:37,230 used for fasteners is the zinc or manganese 2028 00:54:37,230 --> 00:54:37,240 2029 00:54:37,240 --> 00:54:40,090 now the advantages of phosphate coatings 2030 00:54:40,090 --> 00:54:40,100 now the advantages of phosphate coatings 2031 00:54:40,100 --> 00:54:43,450 now the advantages of phosphate coatings they're cheap you can coat them with oil 2032 00:54:43,450 --> 00:54:43,460 they're cheap you can coat them with oil 2033 00:54:43,460 --> 00:54:45,300 they're cheap you can coat them with oil or wax to increase the corrosion 2034 00:54:45,300 --> 00:54:45,310 or wax to increase the corrosion 2035 00:54:45,310 --> 00:54:49,150 or wax to increase the corrosion resistance and the phosphate is a good 2036 00:54:49,150 --> 00:54:49,160 resistance and the phosphate is a good 2037 00:54:49,160 --> 00:54:50,770 resistance and the phosphate is a good primer for painting so if you're going 2038 00:54:50,770 --> 00:54:50,780 primer for painting so if you're going 2039 00:54:50,780 --> 00:54:52,840 primer for painting so if you're going to paint something after you've possibly 2040 00:54:52,840 --> 00:54:52,850 to paint something after you've possibly 2041 00:54:52,850 --> 00:54:55,600 to paint something after you've possibly coated it that's great and you don't get 2042 00:54:55,600 --> 00:54:55,610 coated it that's great and you don't get 2043 00:54:55,610 --> 00:54:57,990 coated it that's great and you don't get hydrogen embrittlement from it but 2044 00:54:57,990 --> 00:54:58,000 hydrogen embrittlement from it but 2045 00:54:58,000 --> 00:54:59,980 hydrogen embrittlement from it but disadvantage it's not very good in 2046 00:54:59,980 --> 00:54:59,990 disadvantage it's not very good in 2047 00:54:59,990 --> 00:55:02,830 disadvantage it's not very good in corrosion you get in consistent tension 2048 00:55:02,830 --> 00:55:02,840 corrosion you get in consistent tension 2049 00:55:02,840 --> 00:55:04,990 corrosion you get in consistent tension friction properties which means if you 2050 00:55:04,990 --> 00:55:05,000 friction properties which means if you 2051 00:55:05,000 --> 00:55:07,830 friction properties which means if you are supposed to torque ahead bolt to 2052 00:55:07,830 --> 00:55:07,840 are supposed to torque ahead bolt to 2053 00:55:07,840 --> 00:55:13,960 are supposed to torque ahead bolt to exactly 2,000 pounds tensile load you 2054 00:55:13,960 --> 00:55:13,970 exactly 2,000 pounds tensile load you 2055 00:55:13,970 --> 00:55:15,250 exactly 2,000 pounds tensile load you don't know what torque it will take to 2056 00:55:15,250 --> 00:55:15,260 don't know what torque it will take to 2057 00:55:15,260 --> 00:55:17,550 don't know what torque it will take to do it if you have different fasteners 2058 00:55:17,550 --> 00:55:17,560 do it if you have different fasteners 2059 00:55:17,560 --> 00:55:19,810 do it if you have different fasteners that were in a different location in the 2060 00:55:19,810 --> 00:55:19,820 that were in a different location in the 2061 00:55:19,820 --> 00:55:22,840 that were in a different location in the barrel and they have a limited 2062 00:55:22,840 --> 00:55:22,850 barrel and they have a limited 2063 00:55:22,850 --> 00:55:30,820 barrel and they have a limited temperature of 225 to 400 degrees now 2064 00:55:30,820 --> 00:55:30,830 temperature of 225 to 400 degrees now 2065 00:55:30,830 --> 00:55:35,680 temperature of 225 to 400 degrees now nickel plating nickel with or without a 2066 00:55:35,680 --> 00:55:35,690 nickel plating nickel with or without a 2067 00:55:35,690 --> 00:55:37,660 nickel plating nickel with or without a copper strike is one of the oldest 2068 00:55:37,660 --> 00:55:37,670 copper strike is one of the oldest 2069 00:55:37,670 --> 00:55:40,390 copper strike is one of the oldest methods of preventing corrosion and 2070 00:55:40,390 --> 00:55:40,400 methods of preventing corrosion and 2071 00:55:40,400 --> 00:55:44,950 methods of preventing corrosion and improving the appearance of steel and 2072 00:55:44,950 --> 00:55:44,960 improving the appearance of steel and 2073 00:55:44,960 --> 00:55:48,400 improving the appearance of steel and brass it it'll tarnish unless it's 2074 00:55:48,400 --> 00:55:48,410 brass it it'll tarnish unless it's 2075 00:55:48,410 --> 00:55:52,110 brass it it'll tarnish unless it's chromium plated but it has a fairly high 2076 00:55:52,110 --> 00:55:52,120 chromium plated but it has a fairly high 2077 00:55:52,120 --> 00:55:56,590 chromium plated but it has a fairly high allowable temperature and good corrosion 2078 00:55:56,590 --> 00:55:56,600 allowable temperature and good corrosion 2079 00:55:56,600 --> 00:55:59,710 allowable temperature and good corrosion resistance the disadvantage it's more 2080 00:55:59,710 --> 00:55:59,720 resistance the disadvantage it's more 2081 00:55:59,720 --> 00:56:02,770 resistance the disadvantage it's more expensive than cadmium or zinc that 2082 00:56:02,770 --> 00:56:02,780 expensive than cadmium or zinc that 2083 00:56:02,780 --> 00:56:04,900 expensive than cadmium or zinc that requires baking after plating to prevent 2084 00:56:04,900 --> 00:56:04,910 requires baking after plating to prevent 2085 00:56:04,910 --> 00:56:07,180 requires baking after plating to prevent hydrogen embrittlement and it doesn't 2086 00:56:07,180 --> 00:56:07,190 hydrogen embrittlement and it doesn't 2087 00:56:07,190 --> 00:56:12,300 hydrogen embrittlement and it doesn't look too good when it starts tarnishing 2088 00:56:12,300 --> 00:56:12,310 2089 00:56:12,310 --> 00:56:15,100 now moving on to chromium plating 2090 00:56:15,100 --> 00:56:15,110 now moving on to chromium plating 2091 00:56:15,110 --> 00:56:19,090 now moving on to chromium plating chromium plating of course I thought you 2092 00:56:19,090 --> 00:56:19,100 chromium plating of course I thought you 2093 00:56:19,100 --> 00:56:21,340 chromium plating of course I thought you all know is used for automotive and 2094 00:56:21,340 --> 00:56:21,350 all know is used for automotive and 2095 00:56:21,350 --> 00:56:27,250 all know is used for automotive and appliance decoration and very thin coats 2096 00:56:27,250 --> 00:56:27,260 appliance decoration and very thin coats 2097 00:56:27,260 --> 00:56:29,770 appliance decoration and very thin coats but it can be used for fasteners as I 2098 00:56:29,770 --> 00:56:29,780 but it can be used for fasteners as I 2099 00:56:29,780 --> 00:56:33,690 but it can be used for fasteners as I mentioned earlier it's used for coating 2100 00:56:33,690 --> 00:56:33,700 mentioned earlier it's used for coating 2101 00:56:33,700 --> 00:56:39,220 mentioned earlier it's used for coating fasteners for landing gear this type of 2102 00:56:39,220 --> 00:56:39,230 fasteners for landing gear this type of 2103 00:56:39,230 --> 00:56:41,740 fasteners for landing gear this type of thing where you require the super 2104 00:56:41,740 --> 00:56:41,750 thing where you require the super 2105 00:56:41,750 --> 00:56:46,390 thing where you require the super high-strength fasteners or components 2106 00:56:46,390 --> 00:56:46,400 high-strength fasteners or components 2107 00:56:46,400 --> 00:56:52,930 high-strength fasteners or components and so you can't use something else that 2108 00:56:52,930 --> 00:56:52,940 and so you can't use something else that 2109 00:56:52,940 --> 00:56:55,240 and so you can't use something else that would be like in a stainless steel so 2110 00:56:55,240 --> 00:56:55,250 would be like in a stainless steel so 2111 00:56:55,250 --> 00:56:59,820 would be like in a stainless steel so you go to the the very high strength 2112 00:56:59,820 --> 00:56:59,830 you go to the the very high strength 2113 00:56:59,830 --> 00:57:03,130 you go to the the very high strength carbon steel alloy steel and then you 2114 00:57:03,130 --> 00:57:03,140 carbon steel alloy steel and then you 2115 00:57:03,140 --> 00:57:07,480 carbon steel alloy steel and then you chrome plate it but you've got to put to 2116 00:57:07,480 --> 00:57:07,490 chrome plate it but you've got to put to 2117 00:57:07,490 --> 00:57:09,340 chrome plate it but you've got to put to get a good chrome plate you got to put a 2118 00:57:09,340 --> 00:57:09,350 get a good chrome plate you got to put a 2119 00:57:09,350 --> 00:57:11,800 get a good chrome plate you got to put a copper strike on first and then a nickel 2120 00:57:11,800 --> 00:57:11,810 copper strike on first and then a nickel 2121 00:57:11,810 --> 00:57:13,540 copper strike on first and then a nickel over that and then the chromium goes 2122 00:57:13,540 --> 00:57:13,550 over that and then the chromium goes 2123 00:57:13,550 --> 00:57:17,290 over that and then the chromium goes over the two of them otherwise the 2124 00:57:17,290 --> 00:57:17,300 over the two of them otherwise the 2125 00:57:17,300 --> 00:57:21,610 over the two of them otherwise the chromium is porous to a certain extent 2126 00:57:21,610 --> 00:57:21,620 chromium is porous to a certain extent 2127 00:57:21,620 --> 00:57:25,210 chromium is porous to a certain extent so if you have unless you have something 2128 00:57:25,210 --> 00:57:25,220 so if you have unless you have something 2129 00:57:25,220 --> 00:57:28,570 so if you have unless you have something under it to help it it doesn't work out 2130 00:57:28,570 --> 00:57:28,580 under it to help it it doesn't work out 2131 00:57:28,580 --> 00:57:30,400 under it to help it it doesn't work out too well or you have to go with a fairly 2132 00:57:30,400 --> 00:57:30,410 too well or you have to go with a fairly 2133 00:57:30,410 --> 00:57:34,480 too well or you have to go with a fairly thick coat so and it can be used up to 2134 00:57:34,480 --> 00:57:34,490 thick coat so and it can be used up to 2135 00:57:34,490 --> 00:57:37,180 thick coat so and it can be used up to about 1,200 degrees and of course it 2136 00:57:37,180 --> 00:57:37,190 about 1,200 degrees and of course it 2137 00:57:37,190 --> 00:57:37,930 about 1,200 degrees and of course it looks good 2138 00:57:37,930 --> 00:57:37,940 looks good 2139 00:57:37,940 --> 00:57:40,300 looks good but your the thing you run into it's 2140 00:57:40,300 --> 00:57:40,310 but your the thing you run into it's 2141 00:57:40,310 --> 00:57:42,250 but your the thing you run into it's just expensive a stainless steel so you 2142 00:57:42,250 --> 00:57:42,260 just expensive a stainless steel so you 2143 00:57:42,260 --> 00:57:45,010 just expensive a stainless steel so you only use it for the special cases and it 2144 00:57:45,010 --> 00:57:45,020 only use it for the special cases and it 2145 00:57:45,020 --> 00:57:46,870 only use it for the special cases and it requires very stringent quality control 2146 00:57:46,870 --> 00:57:46,880 requires very stringent quality control 2147 00:57:46,880 --> 00:57:49,450 requires very stringent quality control because you know what a disaster it 2148 00:57:49,450 --> 00:57:49,460 because you know what a disaster it 2149 00:57:49,460 --> 00:57:51,910 because you know what a disaster it would be if you get a hole through it 2150 00:57:51,910 --> 00:57:51,920 would be if you get a hole through it 2151 00:57:51,920 --> 00:57:55,630 would be if you get a hole through it and the salt gets in it then you have 2152 00:57:55,630 --> 00:57:55,640 and the salt gets in it then you have 2153 00:57:55,640 --> 00:57:58,090 and the salt gets in it then you have something rusting very fast and of 2154 00:57:58,090 --> 00:57:58,100 something rusting very fast and of 2155 00:57:58,100 --> 00:57:59,650 something rusting very fast and of course you have to do the baking to 2156 00:57:59,650 --> 00:57:59,660 course you have to do the baking to 2157 00:57:59,660 --> 00:58:01,360 course you have to do the baking to prevent hydrogen embrittlement with that 2158 00:58:01,360 --> 00:58:01,370 prevent hydrogen embrittlement with that 2159 00:58:01,370 --> 00:58:04,770 prevent hydrogen embrittlement with that same as you do with the cadmium plating 2160 00:58:04,770 --> 00:58:04,780 same as you do with the cadmium plating 2161 00:58:04,780 --> 00:58:08,400 same as you do with the cadmium plating now here's the ion vapor deposited 2162 00:58:08,400 --> 00:58:08,410 now here's the ion vapor deposited 2163 00:58:08,410 --> 00:58:10,960 now here's the ion vapor deposited aluminum plating this is a special one 2164 00:58:10,960 --> 00:58:10,970 aluminum plating this is a special one 2165 00:58:10,970 --> 00:58:13,720 aluminum plating this is a special one that was developed I believe yeah by 2166 00:58:13,720 --> 00:58:13,730 that was developed I believe yeah by 2167 00:58:13,730 --> 00:58:16,150 that was developed I believe yeah by McDonnell Douglas for coating of 2168 00:58:16,150 --> 00:58:16,160 McDonnell Douglas for coating of 2169 00:58:16,160 --> 00:58:19,780 McDonnell Douglas for coating of aircraft parts and it was going to be 2170 00:58:19,780 --> 00:58:19,790 aircraft parts and it was going to be 2171 00:58:19,790 --> 00:58:23,010 aircraft parts and it was going to be used as an alternate to cadmium plating 2172 00:58:23,010 --> 00:58:23,020 used as an alternate to cadmium plating 2173 00:58:23,020 --> 00:58:25,930 used as an alternate to cadmium plating well it doesn't give you hydrogen 2174 00:58:25,930 --> 00:58:25,940 well it doesn't give you hydrogen 2175 00:58:25,940 --> 00:58:29,110 well it doesn't give you hydrogen embrittlement and it insulates to deter 2176 00:58:29,110 --> 00:58:29,120 embrittlement and it insulates to deter 2177 00:58:29,120 --> 00:58:31,210 embrittlement and it insulates to deter the galvanic corrosion and can be used 2178 00:58:31,210 --> 00:58:31,220 the galvanic corrosion and can be used 2179 00:58:31,220 --> 00:58:32,470 the galvanic corrosion and can be used up to nine hundred and twenty-five 2180 00:58:32,470 --> 00:58:32,480 up to nine hundred and twenty-five 2181 00:58:32,480 --> 00:58:36,370 up to nine hundred and twenty-five degrees and is and doesn't give off any 2182 00:58:36,370 --> 00:58:36,380 degrees and is and doesn't give off any 2183 00:58:36,380 --> 00:58:39,760 degrees and is and doesn't give off any toxic byproducts but it's expensive and 2184 00:58:39,760 --> 00:58:39,770 toxic byproducts but it's expensive and 2185 00:58:39,770 --> 00:58:42,700 toxic byproducts but it's expensive and has to be done in a vacuum so you can 2186 00:58:42,700 --> 00:58:42,710 has to be done in a vacuum so you can 2187 00:58:42,710 --> 00:58:45,700 has to be done in a vacuum so you can send it out to Joe Dokes plating outfit 2188 00:58:45,700 --> 00:58:45,710 send it out to Joe Dokes plating outfit 2189 00:58:45,710 --> 00:58:48,460 send it out to Joe Dokes plating outfit to get it done and it's not as good as 2190 00:58:48,460 --> 00:58:48,470 to get it done and it's not as good as 2191 00:58:48,470 --> 00:58:51,430 to get it done and it's not as good as cadmium in a salt spray test so it has 2192 00:58:51,430 --> 00:58:51,440 cadmium in a salt spray test so it has 2193 00:58:51,440 --> 00:58:56,040 cadmium in a salt spray test so it has not had that wide usage that I know of 2194 00:58:56,040 --> 00:58:56,050 not had that wide usage that I know of 2195 00:58:56,050 --> 00:58:59,260 not had that wide usage that I know of diffused nickel cadmium is another one 2196 00:58:59,260 --> 00:58:59,270 diffused nickel cadmium is another one 2197 00:58:59,270 --> 00:59:00,040 diffused nickel cadmium is another one that was the 2198 00:59:00,040 --> 00:59:00,050 that was the 2199 00:59:00,050 --> 00:59:03,630 that was the by the aerospace industry as a 2200 00:59:03,630 --> 00:59:03,640 by the aerospace industry as a 2201 00:59:03,640 --> 00:59:08,200 by the aerospace industry as a high-temperature cadmium plating and you 2202 00:59:08,200 --> 00:59:08,210 high-temperature cadmium plating and you 2203 00:59:08,210 --> 00:59:10,750 high-temperature cadmium plating and you put a nickel coating on first and then 2204 00:59:10,750 --> 00:59:10,760 put a nickel coating on first and then 2205 00:59:10,760 --> 00:59:13,780 put a nickel coating on first and then put capping on over it and bake it for 2206 00:59:13,780 --> 00:59:13,790 put capping on over it and bake it for 2207 00:59:13,790 --> 00:59:16,780 put capping on over it and bake it for one hour at 645 degrees now the 2208 00:59:16,780 --> 00:59:16,790 one hour at 645 degrees now the 2209 00:59:16,790 --> 00:59:18,730 one hour at 645 degrees now the advantage you get up to about a thousand 2210 00:59:18,730 --> 00:59:18,740 advantage you get up to about a thousand 2211 00:59:18,740 --> 00:59:21,760 advantage you get up to about a thousand degrees exposure temperature which is 2212 00:59:21,760 --> 00:59:21,770 degrees exposure temperature which is 2213 00:59:21,770 --> 00:59:24,250 degrees exposure temperature which is good versus 450 for plane cadmium 2214 00:59:24,250 --> 00:59:24,260 good versus 450 for plane cadmium 2215 00:59:24,260 --> 00:59:26,500 good versus 450 for plane cadmium plating but once again it's expensive 2216 00:59:26,500 --> 00:59:26,510 plating but once again it's expensive 2217 00:59:26,510 --> 00:59:30,000 plating but once again it's expensive you you have to have extremely close 2218 00:59:30,000 --> 00:59:30,010 you you have to have extremely close 2219 00:59:30,010 --> 00:59:33,090 you you have to have extremely close process controls and the nickel plate 2220 00:59:33,090 --> 00:59:33,100 process controls and the nickel plate 2221 00:59:33,100 --> 00:59:35,800 process controls and the nickel plate has to cover the fastener at all times 2222 00:59:35,800 --> 00:59:35,810 has to cover the fastener at all times 2223 00:59:35,810 --> 00:59:37,930 has to cover the fastener at all times to avoid cadmium damage to the fastener 2224 00:59:37,930 --> 00:59:37,940 to avoid cadmium damage to the fastener 2225 00:59:37,940 --> 00:59:40,450 to avoid cadmium damage to the fastener material so and it's not recommended for 2226 00:59:40,450 --> 00:59:40,460 material so and it's not recommended for 2227 00:59:40,460 --> 00:59:50,250 material so and it's not recommended for parts above 200 KS is strength okay 2228 00:59:50,250 --> 00:59:50,260 parts above 200 KS is strength okay 2229 00:59:50,260 --> 00:59:53,680 parts above 200 KS is strength okay silver plating silver plating is used to 2230 00:59:53,680 --> 00:59:53,690 silver plating silver plating is used to 2231 00:59:53,690 --> 00:59:55,990 silver plating silver plating is used to prevent corrosion and as a solid 2232 00:59:55,990 --> 00:59:56,000 prevent corrosion and as a solid 2233 00:59:56,000 --> 00:59:58,270 prevent corrosion and as a solid lubricant for fasteners for instance 2234 00:59:58,270 --> 00:59:58,280 lubricant for fasteners for instance 2235 00:59:58,280 --> 01:00:01,330 lubricant for fasteners for instance it's customary to silver plate a 2236 01:00:01,330 --> 01:00:01,340 it's customary to silver plate a 2237 01:00:01,340 --> 01:00:05,050 it's customary to silver plate a stainless steel nut for a stainless 2238 01:00:05,050 --> 01:00:05,060 stainless steel nut for a stainless 2239 01:00:05,060 --> 01:00:09,310 stainless steel nut for a stainless steel bolt in order to prevent galling 2240 01:00:09,310 --> 01:00:09,320 steel bolt in order to prevent galling 2241 01:00:09,320 --> 01:00:13,540 steel bolt in order to prevent galling and serve as a lubricant now silver 2242 01:00:13,540 --> 01:00:13,550 and serve as a lubricant now silver 2243 01:00:13,550 --> 01:00:15,490 and serve as a lubricant now silver plating can be used up to about 1600 2244 01:00:15,490 --> 01:00:15,500 plating can be used up to about 1600 2245 01:00:15,500 --> 01:00:20,800 plating can be used up to about 1600 degrees and its disadvantages though 2246 01:00:20,800 --> 01:00:20,810 degrees and its disadvantages though 2247 01:00:20,810 --> 01:00:25,420 degrees and its disadvantages though it's expensive it tarnishes and it 2248 01:00:25,420 --> 01:00:25,430 it's expensive it tarnishes and it 2249 01:00:25,430 --> 01:00:27,359 it's expensive it tarnishes and it shouldn't be used in direct contact with 2250 01:00:27,359 --> 01:00:27,369 shouldn't be used in direct contact with 2251 01:00:27,369 --> 01:00:30,400 shouldn't be used in direct contact with titanium so its primary use in their 2252 01:00:30,400 --> 01:00:30,410 titanium so its primary use in their 2253 01:00:30,410 --> 01:00:35,109 titanium so its primary use in their aerospace field is just to coat 2254 01:00:35,109 --> 01:00:35,119 aerospace field is just to coat 2255 01:00:35,119 --> 01:00:37,810 aerospace field is just to coat stainless steel parts on stainless steel 2256 01:00:37,810 --> 01:00:37,820 stainless steel parts on stainless steel 2257 01:00:37,820 --> 01:00:40,290 stainless steel parts on stainless steel to prevent the thing from galling 2258 01:00:40,290 --> 01:00:40,300 to prevent the thing from galling 2259 01:00:40,300 --> 01:00:46,290 to prevent the thing from galling okay we will take a break now and resume 2260 01:00:46,290 --> 01:00:46,300 okay we will take a break now and resume 2261 01:00:46,300 --> 01:00:49,390 okay we will take a break now and resume with passivation and oxidation on from 2262 01:00:49,390 --> 01:00:49,400 with passivation and oxidation on from 2263 01:00:49,400 --> 01:00:52,060 with passivation and oxidation on from the next session